Pokaż uproszczony rekord

Morpho-facial variations in physical features of two tribal populations of Kargil (Ladakh, India): A bio-anthropological investigation

dc.contributor.authorSehrawat, Jagmahender Singh
dc.contributor.authorAli, Mohd
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-24T11:23:54Z
dc.date.available2023-10-24T11:23:54Z
dc.date.issued2023-08-22
dc.identifier.issn1898-6773
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/48149
dc.description.abstractSomatoscopy is a systematic and cumulative visual examination of the morphological features of an individual. Physical anthropologists have classified humans into certain specific groups on the basis of specific morphoscopical features, and such variations have been widely studied. Fourteen somatoscopic traits of 800 adult (>25years) Ladakhi individuals, belonging to two Kargil (India) tribal groups (Brokpas and Purigpas) were examined; four hundred (N=400) healthy individuals from each tribe i.e., 221 males and 179 females of the Brokpa tribe and 210 males and 190 females of the Purigpa tribe, comprised the present study sample. Statistically significant differences were noticed between the Brokpas and the Purigpas with respect to the frequencies distribution of their skin colour, hair form, facial contour/ profile, nasal types and presence/absence of epicanthic fold, prognathism, Darwin’s tubercle, Adam’s apple, scaphoid, attached ear lobe etc. The Brokpas exhibited significant sex differences in skin colour, eye colour, hair form, nasal septum, nasal tip, epicanthic fold, ear lobe, and Adam apple, whereas only skin colour, eye colour, ear lobe attachment, hair form, and prognathism were found significantly different in the two sexes of Purigpas. The morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in the human physical features of the two Ladakhi tribes will add to the existing knowledge regarding the anthropological characteristics of different ethnic groups of India. The differences in their morphological traits may be due to the differences in their genetic adaptations as the two tribal groups originated from two different ancient populations i.e., the Brokpas are of the European origin and the Purigpas are the descendants of the Tibeto-Mongoloids. The results of this study, however, need to be supplemented with a compressive investigation to confirm the heterogeneity in the morphological and genetic features of the two tribal groups of Ladakh (India) and the influence of differential ancestral migrations on the facial features of the individuals of the two tribal groups.en
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegopl
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAnthropological Review;3en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subjectMorphological variationsen
dc.subjectsomatoscopic featuresen
dc.subjectBrokpas and Purigpasen
dc.subjectLadakh (India)en
dc.titleMorpho-facial variations in physical features of two tribal populations of Kargil (Ladakh, India): A bio-anthropological investigationen
dc.typeArticle
dc.page.number1-27
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationSehrawat, Jagmahender Singh - Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Indiaen
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationAli, Mohd - Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Indiaen
dc.identifier.eissn2083-4594
dc.referencesAlexander KS, Stott DJ, Sivakumar B, Kang N. 2011. Morphometric study of human ear. J. Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 64:41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2010.04.005en
dc.referencesAoki K. 2002. Sexual selection as a cause of human skin colour variation: Darwin’s hypothesis revisited. Ann. Hum Biol 29(6):589–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/0301446021000019144en
dc.referencesAzaria R, Adler N, Silfen R, Regev D, Hauben DJ. 2003. Morphometry of the adult human earlobe: a study of 547 subjects and clinical application. Plast Reconst Surg 111(7):2398–2402. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000060995.99380.deen
dc.referencesBanerjee AR. 1963. Variations in the medullary structure of human head hair. Proc Indian National Sci Acad (Biological Science) 29:309–16.en
dc.referencesBertillion A. 1893. Identification Anthropometrigue. France: Melun, Imprimerie Administrative.en
dc.referencesBhasin M, Nag S. 2002. A demographic profile of the people of Jammu and Kashmir. J Hum Ecol 13:167–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2002.11905524en
dc.referencesBhasin MK. 1969. Ear lobe attachment among the Newars of Nepal. Human Heredity 16:506–519. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45100665en
dc.referencesBhattacharyya BN, De P. 2009. Restoring the Asian Silk Route: Toward an integrated Asia. ADBI working paper series, 140.en
dc.referencesBindal U, Shanjan K, Mitra NK, Priyadarshani B. 2015. Morphological analysis of Vermilion border and its forensic applications. Open J Dent Oral Medicine 3(1):21–28. https://doi.org/10.13189/ojdom.2015.030104en
dc.referencesBlackburn DG. 2000. Why race is not a biological concept. In: Berel L, editor. Race and racism in theory and practice. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 3–26.en
dc.referencesBlum HF. 1961. Does the Melanin Pigment of Human Skin Have Adaptive Value? An Essay in Human Ecology and the Evolution of Race. Q Rev Biol 36(1):50–63. https://doi.org/10.1086/403275en
dc.referencesBranda RF, Eaton JW. 1978. Skin color and nutrient photolysis: an evolutionary hypothesis. Science 201(4356):625–626. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.675247en
dc.referencesBuchi EC. 1957. A spectrophometric study of the skin colour of relatives of various castes in Bengal. Anthropological Ethnology 34:7–8. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25754839en
dc.referencesChai CK. 1967. Taiwan aborigines. A Genetic Study of Tribal Variation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University press.en
dc.referencesChampod C, Evett IW, Kuchler B. 2001. Earmarks as evidence: a critical review. J Forensic Sci Rev 46:1275–84. http://doi.org/10.1520/JFS15146Jen
dc.referencesChattopadhyay PK. 1968. A note on the ear lobe attachment among the Jats and Ahirs. Acta Genet Stat Med 18:277–82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45104119en
dc.referencesCoon CS, Garn SM, Bersill JB. 1950. Races: A study of the problems of race formation in man. Charles C. Thomas. Illinois, Springfield.en
dc.referencesDatta U, Banerjee B. 1987. Distribution of earlobe pattern in India. Anthropologie 25(3):263–267. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26295004en
dc.referencesDavenport CB, Gertrude C. 1910. Heredity of Eye-colour in Man. Science 26:589–592. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.26.670.589.cen
dc.referencesDharap AS, Than M. 1995. Five anthroposcopic traits of the ear in a Malaysian population. Anthropol Anz 53(4):359–363. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29540551en
dc.referencesDonald JH. 2011. Myths of human genetics. Baltimore: Sparky House.en
dc.referencesDutta P, Ganguly P. 1965. Further observations on ear lobe attachment. Human Heredity 15(1):77–86. https://doi.org/10.1159/000151894en
dc.referencesEgan T. 1999. Are Dutch ears different from American ears? A comparison of evidence standards. Forensic Evidence. Com/UMKCSchool of Law. http://www.forensic-evidence.com/site/ID/ID00004_1.htmlen
dc.referencesFeenstra L, van der Lugh C. 2000. Ear Witness. J Laryngol Otol 114:497–500. https://doi.org/10.1258/0022215001906228en
dc.referencesFitzpatrick TB. 1975. Sun and skin. J Aesth Med (2):33–34.en
dc.referencesFitzpatrick TB. 1988. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol 124(6):869–871.en
dc.referencesFrancke AH. 2008. A history of Ladakh. Srinagar: Gulshan Books.en
dc.referencesGable NE. 1958. A racial study of Fijians. In: Anthropological records 20:1. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.en
dc.referencesGayden T, Cadenas AM, Regueiro M et al. 2007. The Himalayas as a directional barrier to gene flow. Am J Hum Genet 80:884–894. https://doi.org/10.1086/516757en
dc.referencesGlinka J, Artaria MD, Koesbardiati T. 2008. Metode Pengukuran Manusia. Surabaya, Indonesia: Airlangga University Press.en
dc.referencesGuha S. 1935. The racial affinities of the people of India. Census of India, 1931.en
dc.referencesGulati RK. 1990. Morphological variation in South Indian populations. Proceedings of Seminar on Physical Anthropology. 1/27 Prince Ghulam Mohammad Road Calcutta. 347–335.en
dc.referencesHaddon AC. 1924. The race of man and their distribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.en
dc.referencesHoogstrate AJ, Van den Heuvel H, Huyben E. 2001. Ear identification based on surveillance camera images. Science and Justice 41(3):167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1355-0306(01)71885-0en
dc.referencesHourblin V, Nouveau S, Roy N, De Lacharriere O. 2014. Skin complexion and pigmentary disorders in facial skin of 1204 women in 4 Indian cities. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 80(5):395–401. https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.140290en
dc.referencesImhofer R. 1906. Importance of the ear for identification of the identity. Archive Kriminol Bd26:150–163.en
dc.referencesJablonski NG, Chaplin G. 2000. The evolution of human skin coloration. J Hum Evol 39(1):57–106. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2000.0403en
dc.referencesJaswal JS. 1979. Skin colour in north Indian populations. J Hum Evol 8(3):361–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(79)90059-9en
dc.referencesJina PS. 1996. Ladakh: The land and the people. Ladakh, India: Indus Publishing.en
dc.referencesJina PS. 2001. Religious history of Ladakh. Delhi Sri Satguru Publisher.en
dc.referencesJohn R. 2003. The Human Species: An Introduction to Biological Anthropology. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.en
dc.referencesJurmain R, Kilgore L, Trevathan W, Ciochon RL. 2013. Introduction to Physical Anthropology. USA: Yolanda Cossio.en
dc.referencesKalcioglu MT, Miman MC, Toplu Y, Yakinci C, Ozturan O. 2003. Anthropometric growth study of normal human auricle. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 67(11):1169–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-5876(03)00221-0en
dc.referencesKalla AK. 1968. Melanin pigmentation of skin among two Punjabi castes. Anthropologist 55: 33.en
dc.referencesKalla AK. 1973. Ageing and sex differences in human skin pigmentation. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie (H.1):29–33. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25756080en
dc.referencesKaul S, Kaul HN. 1992 Ladakh Through the Ages, Towards a New Identity. Springfield, VA: Nataraj Books, 118–141.en
dc.referencesKirk PL. 1940. Human hair studies: General considerations of hair individualization and its forensic importance. Journal of American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 31:486–496.en
dc.referencesKwon BS, Haq AK, Pomerantz SH, Halaban R. 1987. Isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone for human tyrosinase that maps at the mouse c-albino locus. PNAS 84(21):7473–7477. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.21.7473en
dc.referencesKollias N, Sayre RM, Zeise L, Chedekel MR. 1991. New trends in photobiology: photo protection by melanin. J Photochem Photobiol B 9(2):135–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344(91)80147-Aen
dc.referencesKuzmina EE, Mallory JP, Koninklijke Brill NV. 2007. The Origins of the Indo-Iranians. Volume 3. Leiden: Hotei Publishing.en
dc.referencesLammi HK. 2003. Ear Biometrics. Laboratory of Information Processing. Finland: Lappeenranta.en
dc.referencesLasker GW. 1954. Seasonal changes in skin colour. Am J Phys Anthropology 12(4):553–558. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330120407en
dc.referencesLoh TY, Cohen PR. 2016. Darwin’s tubercle: Review of a unique congenital anomaly. Dermatol Therap 6(2):143–149.en
dc.referencesLoomis WF. 1967. Skin-Pigment Regulation of Vitamin-D Biosynthesis in Man: Variation in solar ultraviolet at different latitudes may have caused racial differentiation in man. Science 157(3788):501–506. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.157.3788.501en
dc.referencesLoussouarn G, El Rawadi C, Genain G. 2005. Diversity of hair growth profiles. Int J Dermatol 44:6–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02800.x.en
dc.referencesLu TY, Kadir K, Ngeow WC, Othman SA. 2017. The prevalence of double eyelid and the 3D measurement of orbital soft tissue in Malays and Chinese. Sci Rep 7(1):14819. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14829-4en
dc.referencesMajumdar PP. 2010. The human genetic history of South Asia. Curr Biology 20:R184–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.053en
dc.referencesMalhotra KC, Kanhere GM. 1975. Effect of socio-cultural factors on marriage distance. In: Second Annual Conference of Indian Society of Human Genetics, 10–13.en
dc.referencesMeijerman L, Van Der Lugt C, Maat GJ. 2007. Cross sectional anthropometric study of the external ear. J Forensic Sci 52(2):286–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00376.xen
dc.referencesMillard DR, Pickard RE. 1970. Darwin’s tubercle belongs to Woolner. Archives of Otolaryngology 91:334–335.en
dc.referencesMoenssens AA. 1995. Identification by ear impressions. In: AA. Moenssens, B. DesPortes, and R. Kennedy, editors. Scientific Evidence in Civil and Criminal Cases. New York: Foundation Press.en
dc.referencesMontague A. 1942. Man’s most dangerous myth. The fallacy of Races. New York: Columbia University Press, 57.en
dc.referencesMoore KL, Dalley AF. 1999. Clinical oriented anatomy. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.en
dc.referencesMoore K, Dalley A. 2006. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. In: Moore K, Dalley A, editors, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1022–1023.en
dc.referencesMunir S, Sadeeqa A, Nergis B, Tariq N, Sajjad N. 2015. Assessment of morphogenetic inherited traits; ear lobe attachment, Bent little finger and hitchhiker’s thumb in Quetta, Pakistan. World Journal of Zoology 10(4):252–255. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjz.2015.10.4.95238en
dc.referencesNiemitz C, Nibbrig M, Zacher V. 2007. Human ears grow throughout the entire lifetime according to complicated and sexually dimorphic patterns conclusions from a cross-sectional analysis. Anthropol Anz 65(4):391–413. https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/65/2007/391en
dc.referencesPowell EF, Whitney DD. 1937. Ear lobe inheritance: an unusual three-generation photographic pedigree-chart. Journal of Heredity 28(6):185–186. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a104357en
dc.referencesRowold DJ, Benedico DP, Garcia-Bertrand R, Chennakrishnaiah S, Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Gayden T, Herrera RJ. 2016. Ladakh, India: the land of high passes and genetic heterogeneity reveals a confluence of migrations. Eur Journal Human Genet 24:442–449. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2015.80en
dc.referencesRinchik EM, Bultman SJ, Horsthemke B, Lee ST, Strunk KM, Spritz RA, Nicholls RD. 1993. A gene for the mouse pinkeyed dilution locus and for human type II oculocutaneous albinism. Nature 361(6407):72–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/361072a0en
dc.referencesRizvi J. 1996. Ladakh cross road of Asia. Delhi: Oxford University Press.en
dc.referencesShah A, Fareed M, Hussain R, Afzal M. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships of Muslim populations of Manipur based on morphogenetic markers. Online Journal of Anthropology 8:463–480.en
dc.referencesSharma I, Sharma V, Khan A, Kumar P, Rai E, Rameshwar NK, Bamezai, Vilar M, Sharma S. 2018. Ancient human migrations to and through Jammu Kashmir- India were not of males exclusively. Sci Rep 8:851. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18893-8en
dc.referencesSharma A, Sidhu NK, Sharma MK, Kapoor K, Singh B. 2007. Morphometric study of ear lobule in Northwest Indian male subjects. Anat Sci Internat 82(2):98-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00166.xen
dc.referencesSharma KD. 2017. Criteria of Racial Classification. IGNOU, New Delhi. Available at: MANI-002B4E.p65 (egyankosh.ac.in)en
dc.referencesSharma RM, Sharm RK. 1997. Anthropology. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors.en
dc.referencesShimomura Y, Wajid M, Petukhova L, Shapiro L, Christiano AM. 2009. Mutations in the lipase H gene underlie autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol 129(3):622–628. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.290en
dc.referencesSimon JD, Peles D, Wakamatsu K, Ito S. 2009. Current challenges in understanding melanogenesis: bridging chemistry, biological control, morphology, and function. Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research 22(5):563–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-148X.2009.00610.xen
dc.referencesSingh M, Sarkar A, Kumar D, Nandineni MR. 2020. The genetic affinities of Gujjar and Ladakhi populations of India. Sci Rep 10:2055. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59061-9en
dc.referencesSingh P, Purkait R. 2009. Observations of external ear: An Indian study. Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology 60(5):461–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2009.08.002en
dc.referencesSnell R. 2004. Clinical Anatomy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.en
dc.referencesSrinivas S. 1998. The Mouths of People, the Voice of god. New York: Oxford University Press.en
dc.referencesStanding S. 2005. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. London: Churchill Livingstone.en
dc.referencesStanding S, Borley NR, Collins P, Crossman AR, Gatzoulis MA, Healy JC. 2008. External and middle ear: In: Gray’s Anatomy. Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. London: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.en
dc.referencesSturm RA, Teasdale RD, Box NF. 2001. Human pigmentation genes: identification, structure and consequences of polymorphic variation. Gene 277(1–2):49–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00694-1en
dc.referencesSundquist CB. 2008. Meaning of race in the DNA era: science, history and the Law. Temple Journal of Science, Technology and Environmental Law 27(2):231–265. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1520020en
dc.referencesTamang R, Thangaraj K. 2012. Genomic view on the peopling of India. Investig Genet 3(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-2223-3-20en
dc.referencesTiffany YL, Cohen PR. 2016. Darwin’s tubercle: review of a unique congenital anomaly. Dermatol Therapy 6:143–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-016-0109-6en
dc.referencesTiwari SC, Bhasin MK. 1969. Frequency of hand clasping and ear lobe attachment in Tibetans. Human Heredity 19(6):658–661. https://doi.org/10.1159/000152280en
dc.referencesTsering SN. 2012. A Cultural History of Ladakh, Centre for Research on Ladakh, Sabu, Leh.en
dc.referencesTrotter M, Duggins OH. 1948. Age changes in head hair from birth to maturity. I. Index and size of hair of children. Am J Phys Anthropol 6(4):489–506. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330060417en
dc.referencesUNESCO. 2010. Silk Road Sites in India. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/fr/listesindicatives/5492/en
dc.referencesVan Doorn GS, Edelaar P, Weissing FJ. 2009. On the origin of species by natural and sexual selection. Science 326:1704–1707. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1181661en
dc.referencesWade N. 2014. A troublesome inheritance: Genes, race and human history. Second edition. New York: Penguin.en
dc.referencesWalter H. 1971. Remarks on the environmental adaptation of man. Human Genetik 13(2):85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00295790en
dc.referencesZaidi AA, Mattern BC, Claes P, McEvoy B, Hughes C, et al. 2018. Correction: Investigating the case of human nose shape and climate adaptation. PLOS Genetics 14(1): e1007207. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007207en
dc.referencesZolbin MM, Hassanzadeh G, Mokhtari T, Arabkheradmand A, Hassanzadeh S. 2015. Anthropometric studies of nasal parameters of Qazvin Residents, Iran. MOJ Anat Physiol 1(1) L00002. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2015.01.00002en
dc.contributor.authorEmailSehrawat, Jagmahender Singh - jagminder@pu.ac.in
dc.contributor.authorEmailAli, Mohd - aleezain4@gmail.com
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/1898-6773.86.3.01
dc.relation.volume86


Pliki tej pozycji

Thumbnail
Nazwa:
671_01_Sehrwat_-_ost.pdf
Rozmiar:
9.301MB
Format:
PDF
Oglądaj/Otwórz

Pozycja umieszczona jest w następujących kolekcjach

Pokaż uproszczony rekord

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Poza zaznaczonymi wyjątkami, licencja tej pozycji opisana jest jako https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0