The defeat of Poles in the struggles for independence in the nineteenth century caused a wave of repression, many participants of the fights were arrested and were sent to Siberia by Tsarist prisons. They came to live in ...

During the history of Poland jewelry was not only used for decoration, it was one of the means of manifesting patriotic values. The origins of patriotic jewelry goes back to XVIIIth century, during Kościuszko Uprising. ...