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dc.contributor.authorRollnik‑Sadowska, Ewa
dc.contributor.authorBartkutė‑Norkūnienė, Vaida
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-01T08:27:41Z
dc.date.available2024-07-01T08:27:41Z
dc.date.issued2024-06-28
dc.identifier.issn1508-2008
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/52719
dc.description.abstractThe objective of this paper is to examine the efficiency of the public sector when it comes to labor market policy (LMP) in European Union (EU) countries. The primary aim is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of public services connected with the LMP from the viewpoint of the efficiency of public expenditure allocated for that purpose. The turning point for the European labor market was marked by the introduction of lockdown in 2020 due to the COVID–19 pandemic. The article’s overall aim is to evaluate the efficiency of EU labor markets before and during the pandemic and to ascertain the extent to which the volume of public services (their financial allocations) affects selected labor market indicators.The efficiency of EU countries in 2019 and 2020 was evaluated by applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The BCC (Banker, Charnes, Cooper) model was used in this study. The output‑oriented BCC model was selected as it seems adaptable to the specifics of the LMP. Microsoft Excel Solver was used for solving the DEA model, which is applied to working out linear optimization models. The efficiency of public expenditure was evaluated using data from Eurostat. A total of seven variables were used for the analysis; they comprised five variables as inputs (government expenditure on services by selected function and two uncontrolled inputs represented by job vacancy rate and GDP per capita) and two variables as outputs of selected labor market indicators (employment rate and unemployment rate <inverted indicator>). The cross‑country comparison was conducted in two dimensions – among individual EU countries and among a group of countries that represent different public administration traditions (i.e., Anglo‑Saxon, Continental European, South European, Scandinavian, Eastern European, and South‑Eastern European).The study demonstrates that even though the Southern countries achieved the worst results in terms of labor market indicators, it is in contrast to the efficiency approach using DEA, where countries such as Portugal and Greece achieved full efficiency for both 2019 and 2020. The efficiency approach of the LMP for 2019 and 2020 indicates that there is a very good situation in Central and Eastern European countries. Full efficiency is also achieved by Cyprus, Malta, Sweden and Germany. The least efficient LMP is found in Belgium.During the pandemic, most of the analyzed groups of countries improved their efficiency scores of public expenditure on LMP. The exceptions were groups of countries with the South European tradition and the Scandinavian tradition, where the measure of efficiency decreased slightly. This may demonstrate the effectiveness of the implemented public policy to counteract the negative effects of COVID–19 on the labor market.The value added of this paper comes from the demonstration that the proposed methodology, using the DEA method, can be used to measure the efficiency of LMP at micro‑ and mezzo‑levels and to make cross‑country comparisons.en
dc.description.abstractCelem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie efektywności sektora publicznego w zakresie polityki rynku pracy w krajach UE. Dokonano kompleksowej oceny usług publicznych związanych z polityką rynku pracy z punktu widzenia efektywności wydatkowania środków publicznych na ten cel. Punktem zwrotnym dla europejskiego rynku pracy było wprowadzenie lockdownu w 2020 roku w związku z pandemią COVID–19. Dlatego też oceny efektywności rynków pracy UE dokonano przed i podczas pandemii oraz ustalono, w jakim stopniu wielkość usług publicznych (ich alokacje finansowe) wpływają na wybrane wskaźniki rynku pracy.Do oceny efektywności krajów UE w latach 2019 i 2020 wykorzystano metodę Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). W badaniu zastosowano model BCC (Banker, Charnes, Cooper). Ponadto wybrano zorientowany na wyniki model BCC, który wydaje się dostosowany do specyfiki polityki rynku pracy. Wykorzystano program Microsoft Excel Solver, służący do opracowywania liniowych modeli optymalizacyjnych. Efektywność wydatków publicznych oceniono na podstawie danych z bazy Eurostat. Do analizy wykorzystano łącznie siedem zmiennych, w tym pięć określających nakłady (wydatki sektora publicznego na usługi rynku pracy według wybranej funkcji oraz dwie zmienne określające nakłady niekontrolowane reprezentowane przez wskaźnik wolnych miejsc pracy i PKB per capita), a także dwie zmienne wskazujące na wyniki w postaci wybranych mierników rynku pracy (wskaźnik zatrudnienia i stopa bezrobocia – wskaźnik odwrócony). Porównanie przekrojowe przeprowadzono w dwóch wymiarach – wśród poszczególnych krajów UE oraz wśród grup krajów reprezentujących różne tradycje administracji publicznej (tradycja anglosaska, tradycja Europy kontynentalnej, tradycja Europy Południowej, tradycja skandynawska, tradycja Europy Wschodniej i tradycja Europy Południowo‑Wschodniej).Badanie wskazuje, że pomimo osiągania przez kraje Europy Południowej najgorszych mierników rynku pracy, w podejściu efektywnościowym z wykorzystaniem metody DEA takie kraje jak Portugalia i Grecja osiągnęły pełną efektywność zarówno w 2019, jak i 2020 roku. Podejście efektywnościowe polityki rynku pracy dla 2019 i 2020 roku wskazuje również na bardzo korzystną sytuację w przypadku krajów Europy Środkowo‑Wschodniej. Pełną efektywność osiągnęły także Cypr, Malta, Szwecja i Niemcy. Najgorsza sytuacja pod względem efektywności polityki rynku pracy występuje w Belgii.W trakcie pandemii większość analizowanych grup krajów poprawiła swoje wyniki w zakresie efektywności wydatków publicznych na politykę rynku pracy. Wyjątkiem były grupy krajów o tradycji Europy Południowej i skandynawskiej, gdzie miara efektywności nieznacznie spadła. Może to świadczyć o skuteczności prowadzonej polityki publicznej w zakresie zwalczania negatywnych skutków COVID–19 na rynku pracy.Wartość dodaną tego artykułu stanowi zaproponowanie metodyki z wykorzystaniem metody DEA, która może być używana do pomiaru efektywności polityki rynku pracy nie tylko na poziomie mikro i mezo, ale także do porównań pomiędzy krajami.pl
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegopl
dc.relation.ispartofseriesComparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe;2pl
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subjectefficiencyen
dc.subjectpublic servicesen
dc.subjectlabor market policyen
dc.subjectDEA methoden
dc.subjectEU countriesen
dc.subjectpublic administration traditionen
dc.subjectefektywnośćpl
dc.subjectusługi publicznepl
dc.subjectpolityka rynku pracypl
dc.subjectmetoda DEApl
dc.subjectkraje UEpl
dc.subjecttradycja administracji publicznejpl
dc.titleThe Efficiency of Labor Market Policies in EU Countriesen
dc.title.alternativeEfektywność polityk rynku pracy w krajach UEpl
dc.typeArticle
dc.page.number113-133
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationRollnik‑Sadowska, Ewa - Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering Management, Bialystok, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationBartkutė‑Norkūnienė, Vaida - Utena University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business and Technologies, Utena, Lithuaniaen
dc.identifier.eissn2082-6737
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dc.contributor.authorEmailRollnik‑Sadowska, Ewa - e.rollnik@pb.edu.pl
dc.contributor.authorEmailBartkutė‑Norkūnienė, Vaida - vaidaba@ukolegija.lt
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/1508-2008.27.15
dc.relation.volume27


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