| dc.contributor.author | Ndlovu, Mphagahlele O. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Schutte, Daniel | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-19T07:48:46Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-19T07:48:46Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-12-31 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0208-6018 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/57265 | |
| dc.description.abstract | `The levels of tax knowledge influence the tax compliance behaviour of small business owners (SBOs). In turn, tax compliance has a direct impact on the growth and sustainability of small businesses and by default has an unequivocal effect on the country’s sustainable development, employment creation, as well as the alleviation of poverty and inequality. The objective of this study is threefold: Firstly, to examine the levels of tax knowledge among South African SBOs; secondly, to explore the underlying reasons for any observed deficiencies in tax knowledge; and thirdly, to offer recommendations for enhancing tax knowledge among SBOs. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to obtain information from 25 SBOs and 22 tax practitioners in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The study found that SBOs lack basic tax knowledge to be able to be compliant all by themselves. SBOs outsource tax compliance, leading to a lack of interest in understanding tax laws, which results in low tax knowledge. SARS’s unfriendly approach and perceived complexity of the tax system further decreases SBOs willingness to learn. SBOs lack awareness of educational opportunities, which consequently worsens their tax knowledge levels. | en |
| dc.description.abstract | Poziom wiedzy podatkowej wpływa na zachowanie właścicieli małych firm w zakresie przestrzegania przepisów podatkowych. Z kolei przestrzeganie przepisów podatkowych ma bezpośredni wpływ na wzrost i zrównoważony rozwój małych firm, co przekłada się na zrównoważony rozwój kraju, tworzenie miejsc pracy, a także zmniejszanie ubóstwa i nierówności. Cel przedstawionego badania jest potrójny: po pierwsze – ocena poziomu wiedzy podatkowej właścicieli małych firm w RPA, po drugie – zbadanie przyczyn leżących u podstaw wszelkich zaobserwowanych braków w wiedzy podatkowej i po trzecie – przedstawienie rekomendacji dotyczących zwiększenia wiedzy podatkowej wśród właścicieli małych firm. W celu uzyskania informacji od 25 właścicieli małych firm i 22 doradców podatkowych w prowincji Gauteng w Republice Południowej Afryki wykorzystano wywiady półstrukturalne. Badanie wykazało, że właściciele małych firm nie mają podstawowej wiedzy podatkowej, aby móc samodzielnie przestrzegać przepisów. Właściciele małych firm zlecają sprawy związane ze stosowaniem się do przepisów podatkowych firmom zewnętrznym, co prowadzi do braku zainteresowania zrozumieniem przepisów podatkowych i skutkuje niską wiedzą podatkową. Nieprzyjazne podejście urzędów podatkowych w RPA i złożoność systemu podatkowego jeszcze bardziej zmniejszają chęć właścicieli małych firm do nauki. Nie są też oni świadomi możliwości edukacyjnych, co w konsekwencji pogarsza ich poziom wiedzy podatkowej. | pl |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego | pl |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica;373 | en |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | |
| dc.subject | tax knowledge | en |
| dc.subject | small business | en |
| dc.subject | SME tax compliance | en |
| dc.subject | sustainable goals | en |
| dc.subject | unemployment | en |
| dc.subject | wiedza podatkowa | pl |
| dc.subject | małe firmy | pl |
| dc.subject | zgodność podatkowa MŚP | pl |
| dc.subject | cele zrównoważonego rozwoju | pl |
| dc.subject | bezrobocie | pl |
| dc.title | An Evaluation of Tax Knowledge Among Small Business Owners in Gauteng, South Africa | en |
| dc.title.alternative | Ocena wiedzy podatkowej właścicieli małych firm w prowincji Gauteng w Republice Południowej Afryki | pl |
| dc.type | Article | |
| dc.page.number | 29-46 | |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Ndlovu, Mphagahlele O. - University of South Africa, South Africa | en |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Schutte, Daniel - North-West University, South Africa | en |
| dc.identifier.eissn | 2353-7663 | |
| dc.references | Aladejebi O. (2018), Measuring tax compliance among small and medium enterprises in Nigeria, “International Journal of Accounting and Taxation”, vol. 6(2), pp. 29–40. | en |
| dc.references | Alm J. (1991), A perspective on the experimental analysis of taxpayer reporting, “The Accounting Review”, vol. 66(3), pp. 577–593. | en |
| dc.references | Atawodi O., Ojeka S. (2012), Factors that affect tax compliance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Central Nigeria, “International Journal of Business and Management”, vol. 7(12), 87. | en |
| dc.references | Beck T., Demirguc-Kunt A. (2006), Small and medium-size enterprises: Access to finance as a growth constraint, “Journal of Banking & Finance”, vol. 30(11), pp. 2931–2943. | en |
| dc.references | Besley T., Persson T. (2014), Why do developing countries tax so little?, “Journal of Economic Perspectives”, vol. 28(4), pp. 99–120. | en |
| dc.references | Bornman M., Ramutumbu P. (2019), A conceptual framework of tax knowledge, “Meditari Accountancy Research”, vol. 27(6), pp. 823–839. | en |
| dc.references | Chagadama D. (2018), Giving a voice to the voiceless’: the lived experience of health-related quality of life in Bangladeshi patients with ankylosing spondylitis, London South Bank University, London. | en |
| dc.references | Chen Loo E., Mckerchar M., Hansford A. (2009), Understanding the compliance behaviour of Malaysian individual taxpayers using a mixed method approach, “Journal of The Australasian Tax Teachers Association”, vol. 4, 181. | en |
| dc.references | Chen T., Lin C. (2017), Does information asymmetry affect corporate tax aggressiveness?, “Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis”, vol. 52(5), pp. 2053–2081. | en |
| dc.references | Coolidge J., Ilic D., Kisunko G. (2009), Small businesses in South Africa: who outsources tax compliance work and why, The World Bank, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/4068/wps4873.pdf?sequence=1 [accessed: 1.07.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | Creswell J. (2007), Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. | en |
| dc.references | Creswell J., Poth C. (2018), Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. | en |
| dc.references | Mphagahlele O. Ndlovu, Daniel P. Schutte An Evaluation of Tax Knowledge Among Small Business Owners in Gauteng, South Africa | en |
| dc.references | Cuccia A. (1994), The economics of tax compliance: What do we know and where do we go?, “Journal of Accounting Literature”, vol. 13, 81. | en |
| dc.references | Dukes S. (1984), Phenomenological methodology in the human science, “Journal of Religion and Health”, vol. 23, pp. 197–203. | en |
| dc.references | Fauziati P., Minovia A., Muslim R., Nasrah R. (2016), The impact of tax knowledge on tax compliance case study in Kota Padang, Indonesia, “Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies”, vol. 2(1), pp. 22–30. | en |
| dc.references | Frechette J., Bitzas V., Aubry M., Kilpatrick K., Lavoie-Tremblay M. (2020), Capturing lived experience: Methodological considerations for interpretive phenomenological inquiry, “International Journal of Qualitative Methods”, vol. 19, 1609406920907254. | en |
| dc.references | Groenewald T. (2004), A Phenomenological Research Design Illustrated, “International Journal of Qualitative Methods”, vol. 3(1), pp. 42–55. | en |
| dc.references | Guba E.G., Lincoln Y.S. (1994), Competing paradigms in qualitative research, [in:] N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln (eds.), Handbook of qualitative research, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, pp. 105–117. | en |
| dc.references | Gyollai D. (2020), Getting into it in the wrong way: Interpretative phenomenological analysis and the hermeneutic circle, “Nursing Philosophy”, vol. 21(2), e12294. | en |
| dc.references | Haase J. (1987), Components of courage in chronically ill adolescents: a phenomenological study, “Advances in Nursing Science”, vol. 9(2), pp. 64–80. | en |
| dc.references | Hellberg A. (2019), Is the turnover tax system functioning as intended? An exploratory study, University of South Africa, Pretoria. | en |
| dc.references | Inasius F. (2019), Factors influencing SME tax compliance: Evidence from Indonesia, “International Journal of Public Administration”, vol. 42(5), pp. 367–379. | en |
| dc.references | Juraev E., Xolmirzayev U. (2020), Supporting small business subjects by tax reforms, “Экономика и социум” (”Ekonomika i socium”), vol. 1(68), pp. 48–52. | en |
| dc.references | Kamleitner B., Korunka C., Kirchler E. (2012), Tax compliance of small business owners: A review, “International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research”, vol. 18(3), pp. 330–351. | en |
| dc.references | Kassa E. (2021), Factors influencing taxpayers to engage in tax evasion: evidence from Woldia City administration micro, small, and large enterprise taxpayers, “Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship”, vol. 10(1), pp. 1–16. | en |
| dc.references | Kirchler E. (2007), The Economic Psychology of Tax Behavior, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. | en |
| dc.references | Kirchler E., Alm J., Muehlbacher S. (2012), Combining psychology and economics in the analysis of compliance: from enforcement to cooperation, “Tulane Economics Working Paper Series: Working Paper”, no. 1212. | en |
| dc.references | Kwok B., Yip R. (2018), Is tax education good or evil for boosting tax compliance? Evidence from Hong Kong, “Asian Economic Journal”, vol. 32(4), pp. 359–386. | en |
| dc.references | Lin J.Y., Sun X. (2006), Information, informal finance, and SME financing, “Frontiers of Economics in China”, vol. 1(1), pp. 69–82. | en |
| dc.references | Lin M.S., Sharma A., Pan B., Quadri-Felitti D. (2023), Information asymmetry in the innovation adoption decision of tourism and hospitality SMEs in emerging markets: A mixed-method analysis, “Tourism Management”, vol. 99, 104793. | en |
| dc.references | Luborsky M.R., Rubinstein R.L. (1995), Sampling in qualitative research: rationale, issues, and methods, “Research on Aging”, vol. 17(1), pp. 89–113. | en |
| dc.references | Maseko N. (2014), Determinants of tax compliance by small and medium enterprises in Zimbabwe, “Journal of Economic and International Business Research”, vol. 2(3), pp. 48–57. | en |
| dc.references | McKerchar M. (1995), Understanding small business taxpayers: Their sources of information and level of knowledge of taxation, “Australian Tax Forum”, vol. 12, 25. | en |
| dc.references | McKerchar M. (2002), The impact of complexity upon unintentional non -compliance for Australian personal income taxpayers, University of New South Wales, Sydney. | en |
| dc.references | Moodaley V. (2015), Voluntary VAT registration, “Tax Professional”, no. 25, https://www.saipa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/tax_professional_q3_2015_08_1.pdf [accessed: 5.07.2023]. | en |
| dc.references | Morse J. (1994), Designing funded qualitative research, [in:] N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln (eds.), Handbook of qualitative research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp. 220–235. | en |
| dc.references | Mukherjee A., Singh M., Zaldokas A. (2017), Do corporate taxes hinder innovation?, “Journal of Financial Economics”, vol. 124(1), pp. 195–221. | en |
| dc.references | Murphy K. (2004), Aggressive tax planning: Differentiating those playing the game from those who don’t, “Journal of Economic Psychology”, vol. 25(3), pp. 307–329. | en |
| dc.references | National Treasury (2024), 2024 Budget Review Statistical Annexure, https://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/national%20budget/2024/review/Statistical%20tables.pdf [accessed: 29.03.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | Ndlovu M., Schutte D. (2022), The Influence of Penalties on the Tax Compliance Behaviour of Small Business Owners, “Southern African Business Review”, vol. 26, 19, https://doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/12573 | en |
| dc.references | Ndlovu M.O., Schutte D.P. (2024), An evaluation of tax compliance among small businesses, “South African Journal of Accounting Research”, pp. 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1080/10291954.2024.2372132 | en |
| dc.references | Newman W., Mwandambira N., Charity M., Ongayi W. (2018), Literature review on the impact of tax knowledge on tax compliance among small medium enterprises in a developing country, “International Journal of Entrepreneurship”, vol. 22(4), pp. 1–15. | en |
| dc.references | Oladipupo A., Obazee U. (2016), Tax knowledge, penalties and tax compliance in small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria, “IBusiness”, vol. 8(1), pp. 1–9. | en |
| dc.references | Prabawa P., Claramita M., Pramantara I. (2018), Patients’ and families’ experiences in Lung Tuberculosis treatment in Kebumen District, Central Java Province: a phenomenology study of ‘drop out’ and ‘uninterrupted’ group, “Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer)”, vol. 1(3), pp. 105–115. | en |
| dc.references | Priya A. (2021), Relationship between Small Business and Entrepreneurship, “Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management”, vol. 10, 337. | en |
| dc.references | Remali A., Jalil A., Satar A., Mamad F., Abidin N., Zainuddin S. (2018), Tax Knowledge, Tax Penalty and Tax Rate on Tax Compliance among Small Medium Enterprise in Selangor, “Global Business & Management Research”, vol. 10(3). | en |
| dc.references | Republic of South Africa (2000), Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act 5 of 2000, Government Printer, Pretoria. | en |
| dc.references | Republic of South Africa (2004), National Small Enterprises Act 29 of 2004, Government Printer, Pretoria. | en |
| dc.references | Republic of South Africa (2011), Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011, Government Printer, Pretoria. | en |
| dc.references | Sá C., Alves H. (2020), The relation between information asymmetry, disclosure policy and corporate tax planning, “Economics Business and Organization Research”, pp. 393–408. | en |
| dc.references | SARS (2023), Annual report South African Revenue Service 2022/23, https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202311/sars-ar-28-%E2%80%93-annual-report-2022-2023.pdf [accessed: 10.03.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | SEDA (2024), SMME Quarterly Update 1st Quarter 2024, https://www.seda.org.za/Publications/Publications/SMME%20Quarterly,%202024-Q1.pdf [accessed: 23.04.2025]. | en |
| dc.references | Setyorini C.T. (2016), The influence of tax knowledge, managerial benefit and tax socialization toward taxpayer’s willingness to pay SME’s tax, “Acta Universitatis Danubius. OEconomica”, vol. 12(5), pp. 96–107. | en |
| dc.references | Statistics South Africa (2019), Five facts about poverty in South Africa, https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=12075 [accessed: 29.03.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | Statistics South Africa (2023), National Poverty Lines 2023, https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03101/P031012023.pdf [accessed: 28.03.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | Statistics South Africa (2024a), Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) – Q4: 2023, https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0211/Media%20release%20QLFS%20Q4%202023.pdf [accessed: 29.03.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | Statistics South Africa (2024b), Economic growth muted as 2023 draws to a close, https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=17053#:~:text=South%20Africa’s%20economy%20grew%20by,2023%20to%200%2C6%25 [accessed: 29.03.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | Stoica O., Roman A., Rusu V. (2020), The nexus between entrepreneurship and economic growth: A comparative analysis on groups of countries, “Sustainability”, vol. 12(3), 1186. | en |
| dc.references | Susyanti J. (2014), Problems Identification of Creative Economy Business Actors of Tourism Sector in Malang City in Effort to Meet Tax Obligations, “International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)”, vol. 3(11), pp. 13–19. | en |
| dc.references | Thurik R., Wennekers S. (2004), Entrepreneurship, small business and economic growth, “Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development”, vol. 11(1), pp. 140–149. | en |
| dc.references | Twum K., Amaniampong M., Assabil E., Adombire M., Edisi D., Akuetteh C. (2020), Tax knowledge and tax compliance of small and medium enterprises in Ghana, “South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law”, vol. 21(5), pp. 222–231. | en |
| dc.references | United Nations (2015), Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda [accessed: 10.03.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | Van Manen M. (1997), Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy, Routledge, New York. | en |
| dc.references | Wang Y., Zhang H., Zhao Z. (2019), SME investment and financing under asymmetric information, “European Financial Management”, vol. 28(5), pp. 1347–1375. | en |
| dc.references | Watts R., Zimmerman J. (1986), Positive Accounting Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs. | en |
| dc.references | Webley P. (2004), Tax compliance by businesses, [in:] H. Sjögren (ed.), New Perspectives on Economic Crime, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 95–126. | en |
| dc.references | Youssef E.A. (2019), The role of tax administration on raising government revenue, The Graduate School of Public Administration Seoul National, University Masters dissertation, Seoul. | en |
| dc.contributor.authorEmail | Ndlovu, Mphagahlele O. - ndlovmo@unisa.ac.za | |
| dc.contributor.authorEmail | Schutte, Daniel - danie.schutte@nwu.ac.za | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.18778/0208-6018.373.03 | |
| dc.relation.volume | 4 | |