| dc.contributor.author | Aslani, Ehsan | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kapusta, Armina | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-22T09:39:36Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-22T09:39:36Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-12-31 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1231-1952 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/57311 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Since 1978, when the Historic Centre of Krakow, Poland, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, it has undergone various developments, largely driven by tourism. In 2008, the Krakow City Hall adopted the “Local Revitalization Program: The Old Town” to address such challenges as heritage management and preservation, gentrification, and tourism development in the area. The purpose of this study is to identify this plan’s proposed strategies based on the historic urban landscape (HUL) approach and to assess the gap between planning and implementation of the strategies. The HUL approach was introduced by UNESCO in 2011 to enable better management of World Heritage by integrating heritage conservation with a broad spectrum of urban development challenges. First, the content of the document was thematically analysed based on the HUL-proposed tools to clarify suggested strategies. Next, an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted, referring to 19 local experts. This study offers a framework to serve as a reference to evaluate urban plans. Using the plan as a case study, the paper revealed a general understanding of the current and desired status of the strategies’ implementation. | en |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego | pl |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | European Spatial Research and Policy;2 | en |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 | |
| dc.subject | IPA | en |
| dc.subject | revitalisation | en |
| dc.subject | World Heritage | en |
| dc.subject | Historic Urban Landscape | en |
| dc.subject | HUL | en |
| dc.subject | Krakow | en |
| dc.title | Importance-performance analysis of the Historic Centre of Krakow’s revitalisation plan through the lens of the Historic Urban Landscape approach | en |
| dc.type | Article | |
| dc.page.number | 153-177 | |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Aslani, Ehsan - University of Lodz, Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Łódź, Poland | en |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Kapusta, Armina - University of Lodz, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Institute of Urban Geography, Tourism Studies and Geoinformation, Łódź, Poland | en |
| dc.identifier.eissn | 1896-1525 | |
| dc.references | AGHAJANZADEH, M., AGHABAYK, K., ESMAILPOUR, J. and DE GRUYTER, C. (2022), ‘Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) of metro service attributes during the COVID-19 pandemic’, Case studies on transport policy, 10 (3), pp. 1661-1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.06.005 | en |
| dc.references | ASLANI, E., SHAHRIARI, S. K. and ZABIHI, H. (2022), ‘Analysis of Indicators Affecting the Establishment of the Integrated Urban Management System in a World Heritage City (Case Study: Historic City of Yazd)’, Quarterly Journals of Urban and Regional Development Planning, 7 (20), pp. 145-179. https://doi.org/10.22054/urdp.2022.66372.1413 | en |
| dc.references | AURELI, S. and DEL BALDO, M. (2023), ‘Stakeholders’ consciousness of cultural heritage and the reconciliation of different needs for sustainable development’, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 13 (4), pp. 964-982. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-10-2020-0156 | en |
| dc.references | AZPEITIA SANTANDER, A., AZKARATE GARAI-OLAUN, A. and DE LA FUENTE ARANA, A. (2018), ‘Historic urban landscapes: A review on trends and methodologies in the urban context of the 21st century’, Sustainability, 10 (8), p. 2603. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082603 | en |
| dc.references | BANDARIN, F. (2010), Managing Historic Cities, Paris: UNESCO. | en |
| dc.references | BANDARIN, F. and VAN OERS, R. (2012), The historic urban landscape: managing heritage in an urban century, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. | en |
| dc.references | BIEDA, A. and PARZYCH, P. (2013), Development of spatial politics of monumental towns based on Krakow example. Paper presented at the GeoConference on Informatics, geoinformatics and remote sensing: 13th international multidisciplinary scientific geoconference, Albena. | en |
| dc.references | BOLEY, B. B., MCGEHEE, N. G. and HAMMETT, A. T. (2017), ‘Importance-performance analysis (IPA) of sustainable tourism initiatives: The resident perspective’, Tourism management, 58, pp. 66-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.002 | en |
| dc.references | BOND, S. and WORTHING, D. (2016), Managing built heritage: The role of cultural values and significance: John Wiley & Sons. | en |
| dc.references | BORKOWSKI, K. (2023). ‘Ruch Turystyczny w Krakowie w 2022 roku’, Małopolska Organizacja Turystyczna, https://turystykakrakow.pl/badania_i_analizy/275010,artykul,ruch_turystyczny_w_krakowie.html [accessed on: 07.12.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | BRAUN, V. and CLARKE, V. (2006), ‘Using thematic analysis in psychology’, Qualitative research in psychology, 3 (2), pp. 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa | en |
| dc.references | BUDZYŃSKI, I., KACPERCZYK, E., KORCZAK-ŻYDACZEWSKA, K., MILUSZ, M., WÓJCIKOWSKA, J., SZNEJDER, A. and MARCZAK, M. (2014). ‘Area and population in territorial cross-section in 2014’, STATISTICS POLAND, https://archive.fo/LuByn#selection-1739.0-1745.6 [accessed on: 07.12.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | DE ROSA, F. and DI PALMA, M. (2013), ‘Historic urban landscape approach and port cities regeneration: Naples between identity and outlook’, Sustainability, 5 (10), pp. 4268-4287. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104268 | en |
| dc.references | DEHGHAN POUR FARASHAH, M. and ASLANI, E. (2021), ‘A tourism-oriented conservation plan for a historic neighborhood based on urban design qualities: The case of Yazd in Iran’, Konwersatorium Wiedzy o Mieście, 6 (34), pp. 83-98. https://doi.org/10.18778/2543-9421.06.08 | en |
| dc.references | DISASTRA, G. M., HANIFA, F. H. and SASTIKA, W. (2018), ‘Importance-performance analysis (IPA) on tourists satisfaction (study in Ciamis Regency, Indonesia)’, Advanced Science Letters, 24 (4), pp. 2922-2925. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.11095 | en |
| dc.references | ERKAN, Y. (2018), ‘The way forward with historic urban landscape approach towards sustainable urban development’, Built Heritage, 2 (4), pp. 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03545686 | en |
| dc.references | ESMAILPOUR, J., AGHABAYK, K., VAJARI, M. A. and DE GRUYTER, C. (2020), ‘Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) of bus service attributes: A case study in a developing country’, Transportation research part a: policy and practice, 142, pp. 129-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.10.020 | en |
| dc.references | FEREDAY, J. and MUIR-COCHRANE, E. (2006), ‘Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development’, International journal of qualitative methods, 5 (1), pp. 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107 | en |
| dc.references | GUEST, G., MACQUEEN, K. M. and NAMEY, E. E. (2011), Applied thematic analysis, Los Angeles: Sage. | en |
| dc.references | HÖFTBERGER, K. (2023), ‘Conservation and development: Implementation of the historic urban landscape approach in Khiva, Uzbekistan’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 29 (4), pp. 314-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2023.2183885 | en |
| dc.references | HOSAGRAHAR, J. (2014), ‘Knowledge and planning tools’, [in] BANDARIN, F. and OERS, R. V. (eds), Reconnecting the City: Th e Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Future of Urban Heritage, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 249-268. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118383940.ch10 | en |
| dc.references | ISSARATHUMNOON, W. (2020), ‘Applying the historic urban landscape approach to the identification of urban heritage attributes of Bangkok old town’, Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning, 19, pp. 25-38. https://doi.org/10.54028/NJ2020192538 | en |
| dc.references | JAFARPOUR NASSER, S., ESFANJARY KENARI, E. and TABIBIAN, M. (2020), ‘Historic Urban Landscape Approach: A New Tool for Urban Heritage Management’, Culture of Islamic Architecture and Urbanism Journal, 5 (1), pp. 183-199. https://doi.org/10.29252/ciauj.5.1.11 | en |
| dc.references | JALALIAN, S., SHAHABIAN, P., LAK, A. and MODIRI, A. (2024), ‘Prioritizing Effective Criteria in University Design to Promote the Presence of Women: A Study in Urban Design’, International Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability, 5 (2), pp. 61-81. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijumes.2024.2025934.1207 | en |
| dc.references | JIANG, J., ZHOU, T., HAN, Y. and IKEBE, K. (2022), ‘Urban heritage conservation and modern urban development from the perspective of the historic urban landscape approach: A case study of Suzhou’, Land, 11 (8), p. 1251. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081251 | en |
| dc.references | JONES, K. and ZEMBAL, V. (2019). ‘Pursuing a Historic Urban Landscape Approach to Heritage in Edmonton’, https://edmontonheritage.ca/wp-content/uploads/HUL-Evolving-Report-V1-3.pdf [accessed on: 07.12.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | KOWALCZYK-ANIOŁ, J. (2023), ‘Rethinking tourism-driven urban transformation and social tourism impact: A scenario from a CEE city’, Cities, 134, p. 104178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104178 | en |
| dc.references | KRUCZEK, Z., GMYREK, K., ZIŻKA, D., KORBIEL, K. and NOWAK, K. (2023), ‘Accessibility of Cultural Heritage Sites for People with Disabilities: A Case Study on Krakow Museums’, Sustainability, 16 (1), p. 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010318 | en |
| dc.references | MACAMO, S., RAIMUNDO, M., MOFFETT, A. and LANE, P. (2024), ‘Developing Heritage Preservation on Ilha de Moçambique Using a Historic Urban Landscape Approach’, Heritage, 7 (4), pp. 2011-2030. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7040095 | en |
| dc.references | MARTILLA, J. A. and JAMES, J. C. (1977), ‘Importance-performance analysis’, Journal of marketing, 41 (1), pp. 77-79. https://doi.org/10.2307/1250495 | en |
| dc.references | MCLEAY, F., ROBSON, A. and YUSOFF, M. (2017), ‘New applications for importance-performance analysis (IPA) in higher education: Understanding student satisfaction’, Journal of Management Development, 36 (6), pp. 780-800. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-10-2016-0187 | en |
| dc.references | MINNERY, J., CAMERON, C., BROWN, J. and NEWMAN, P. (1993), ‘Evaluation in urban planning: A framework for analysis’, Australian planner, 31 (1), pp. 8-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1993.9657595 | en |
| dc.references | NOWORÓL, M. and BARTUŚ, K. (2007), ‘Kraków – Rynek Hotelowy’, Świat Nieruchomości, 62 (2), pp. 8-12. | en |
| dc.references | O’DONNELL, P. (2014), ‘The role of regulatory systems’, [in] BANDARIN, F. and OERS, R. V. (eds), Reconnecting the City: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Future of Urban Heritage, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 269-281. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118383940.ch11 | en |
| dc.references | PARK, H., KIM, Y. and CHU, S. H. (2019), ‘Importance-performance analysis (IPA) to improve emergency care for novice nurses’, Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 26 (3), pp. 155-165. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2019.26.3.155 | en |
| dc.references | PEREIRA RODERS, A. (2019), ‘The Historic Urban Landscape approach in action: Eight years later’, Reshaping urban conservation: The historic urban landscape approach in action, pp. 21-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8887-2_2 | en |
| dc.references | PORĘBSKA, A., BARNAŚ, K., DENDURA, B., KANIA, O., ŁUKASIK, M., ROGULSKA, A. and ZIELIŃSKI, M. (2021), ‘Lockdown in a disneyfied city: Kraków Old Town and the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic’, Urban Design International, 26 (4), pp. 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41289-021-00175-5 | en |
| dc.references | RASOOLIMANESH, S. M., JAAFAR, M., AHMAD, A. G. and BARGHI, R. (2017), ‘Community participation in World Heritage Site conservation and tourism development’, Tourism management, 58, pp. 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.016 | en |
| dc.references | REY-PÉREZ, J. and PEREIRA RODERS, A. (2020), ‘Historic urban landscape: A systematic review, eight years after the adoption of the HUL approach’, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 10 (3), pp. 233-258. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-05-2018-0036 | en |
| dc.references | ROZINA, N., JAAFAR, N. A. N., NOOR, Z. M. and MOHAMED, M. (2016), ‘Student ratings of teaching effectiveness: An importance-performance analysis (IPA)’, Journal of Educational and Social Research, 6 (3), pp. 33-44. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2016.v6n3p33 | en |
| dc.references | RYPKEMA, D. (2014), ‘Devising financial tools for urban conservation’, [in] BANDARIN, F. and OERS, R. V. (eds), Reconnecting the City: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Future of Urban Heritage, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 283-300. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118383940.ch12 | en |
| dc.references | SEVER, I. (2015), ‘Importance-performance analysis: A valid management tool?’, Tourism management, 48, pp. 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.022 | en |
| dc.references | SONKOLY, G. (2017), Historical Urban Landscape, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. | en |
| dc.references | TRIPADVISOR (2024), Travelers’ Choice Awards; Best of the Best Destinations, https://www.tripadvisor.com/TravelersChoice-Destinations-cTop-g4 [accessed on: 07.12.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | UNESCO (2011), ‘Recommendation on the historic urban landscape’, UNESCO, https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-638-98.pdf [accessed on: 07.12.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | UNESCO (2013), New life for historic cities: The historic urban landscape approach explained, Paris: UNESCO. | en |
| dc.references | UNESCO (2015), ‘Hangzhou outcomes’, https://scbdcee3899006020.jimcontent.com/download/version/1462914805/module/13074173825/name/SustCit_Hangzhou_Outcomes_EN.pdf [accessed on: 07.12.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | UNESCO (n.d.), Historic Centre of Kraków, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/29/ [accessed on: 07.12.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | VAN OERS, R. (2010), ‘Managing cities and the historic urban landscape initiative–an introduction’, [in] OERS, R. V. and HARAGUCHI, S. (eds), Managing historic cities, Paris, UNESCO, pp. 7-17. | en |
| dc.references | VELDPAUS, L. (2015), Historic urban landscapes: Framing the integration of urban and heritage planning in multilevel governance, Doctoral Thesis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven. | en |
| dc.references | VELDPAUS, L. and RODERS, A. P. (2017), ‘Historic urban landscape approach as a tool for sustainable urban heritage management’, [in] ASIKAINEN, S., BRITES, C., PLEBAŃCZYK, K., MIJATOVIĆ, L. R. and SOINI, K. (eds), Culture in sustainability: towards a transdiciplinary approach, Jyväskylä, University of Jyväskylä, pp. 62-74. | en |
| dc.references | VIDYANTO, V., BERTUS, B. N., KRISNASARI, S. and NAPIRAH, M. R. (2023), ‘Analysis of Satisfaction Levels of Patients on Service Quality with The Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Method’, Journal of Health and Nutrition Research, 2 (3), pp. 109-119. https://doi.org/10.56303/jhnresearch.v2i3.207 | en |
| dc.references | WANG, S. and GU, K. (2020), ‘Pingyao: The historic urban landscape and planning for heritage-led urban changes’, Cities, 97, p. 102489. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.cities.2019.102489 | en |
| dc.references | WARNER, L. A., CHAUDHARY, A. K. and LAMM, A. J. (2016), ‘Using importance-performance analysis to guide extension needs assessment’, The Journal of Extension, 54 (6), p. 21. | en |
| dc.references | WEN-ZHUO, Z. and FENG, H. (2017), ‘A review of the theoretical and practical research on historic urban landscape’, Landscape Architecture, 24 (6), pp. 22-28. https://doi.org/10.14085/ | en |
| dc.references | j.fjyl.2017.06.0022.07 | en |
| dc.references | WHC (2005). Vienna Memorandum on “World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture - Managing the Historic Urban Landscape, UNESCO, https://whc.unesco.org/document/5965 [accessed on: 07.12.2024]. | en |
| dc.references | YANG, L.-J., CHOU, T.-C. and DING, J.-F. (2011), ‘Using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) approach to measure the service quality of mobile application stores in Taiwan’, African Journal of Business Management, 5 (12), p. 4824. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM10.1163 | en |
| dc.references | ZEAYTER, H. and MANSOUR, A. M. H. (2018), ‘Heritage conservation ideologies analysis–Historic urban Landscape approach for a Mediterranean historic city case study’, HBRC journal, 14 (3), pp. 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2017.06.001 | en |
| dc.references | ZHAO, L., LI, Y., ZHANG, N. and ZHANG, Z. (2023), ‘Public policies and conservation plans of historic urban landscapes under the sustainable heritage tourism milieu: discussions on the equilibrium model on Kulangsu Island, UNESCO World Heritage site’, Built Heritage, 7 (6), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43238-023-00086-0 | en |
| dc.contributor.authorEmail | Aslani, Ehsan - ehsan.aslani@edu.uni.lodz.pl | |
| dc.contributor.authorEmail | Kapusta, Armina - armina.kapusta@geo.uni.lodz.pl | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.18778/1231-1952.32.2.07 | |
| dc.relation.volume | 32 | |