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Proteus sp. – an opportunistic bacterial pathogen – classification, swarming growth, clinical significance and virulence factors

dc.contributor.authorRóżalski, Antonien
dc.contributor.authorTorzewska, Agnieszkaen
dc.contributor.authorMoryl, Magdalenaen
dc.contributor.authorKwil Iwonaen
dc.contributor.authorMaszewska Agnieszkaen
dc.contributor.authorOstrowska Kingaen
dc.contributor.authorDrzewiecka, Dominikaen
dc.contributor.authorZabłotni, Agnieszkaen
dc.contributor.authorPalusiak, Agataen
dc.contributor.authorSiwinska, Malgorzataen
dc.contributor.authorStaçzek Pawełen
dc.date.accessioned2015-06-17T08:36:06Z
dc.date.available2015-06-17T08:36:06Z
dc.date.issued2013-04-13en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/9891
dc.description.abstractThe genus Proteus belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, where it is placed in the tribe Proteeae, together with the genera Morganella and Providencia. Currently, the genus Proteus consists of five species: P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri, P. hauseri and P. myxofaciens, as well as three unnamed Proteus genomospecies. The most defining characteristic of Proteus bacteria is a swarming phenomenon, a multicellular differentiation process of short rods to elongated swarmer cells. It allows population of bacteria to migrate on solid surface. Proteus bacteria inhabit the environment and are also present in the intestines of humans and animals. These microorganisms under favorable conditions cause a number of infections including urinary tract infections (UTIs), wound infections, meningitis in neonates or infants and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, Proteus is known as a bacterial opportunistic pathogen. It causes complicated UTIs with a higher frequency, compared to other uropathogens. Proteus infections are accompanied by a formation of urinary stones, containing struvite and carbonate apatite. The virulence of Proteus rods has been related to several factors including fimbriae, flagella, enzymes (urease - hydrolyzing urea to CO2 and NH3, proteases degrading antibodies, tissue matrix proteins and proteins of the complement system), iron acqusition systems and toxins: hemolysins, Proteus toxin agglutinin (Pta), as well as an endotoxin - lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Proteus rods form biofilm, particularly on the surface of urinary catheters, which can lead to serious consequences for patients. In this review we present factors involved in the regulation of swarming phenomenon, discuss the role of particular pathogenic features of Proteus spp., and characterize biofilm formation by these bacteria.en
dc.publisherVersitaen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesFolia Biologica et Oecologica;8en
dc.rightsThis content is open access.en
dc.subjectProteusen
dc.subjectpathogenicityen
dc.subjectmechanisms of virulenceen
dc.titleProteus sp. – an opportunistic bacterial pathogen – classification, swarming growth, clinical significance and virulence factorsen
dc.page.number1-17en
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationRóżalski Antoni - Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationTorzewska Agnieszka - Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationMoryl Magdalena - Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationKwil Iwona - Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationMaszewska Agnieszka - Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationOstrowska Kinga - Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationDrzewiecka Dominika - Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationZabłotni Agnieszka - Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationPalusiak Agata - Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationSiwińska Małgorzata - Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationStaçzek Paweł - Department of Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Polanden
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dc.contributor.authorEmailRóżalski Antoni - rozala@biol.uni.lodz.plen
dc.identifier.doi10.2478/fobio-2013-0001en


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