In 1964, diplomatic relations between the Government of Charles de Gaulle of the French Fifth Republic and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) were established at an ambassadorial level. This decision was made in the ...

The aim of this chapter is to examine bilateral relations between Cuba and China since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1960 till the 80s when both two countries strengthened cooperation. The paper shows reasons ...

Asian regions and cities have become important international actors but the phenomenon of international engagement of regional and local governments in the Asian countries is still not sufficiently described and recognized ...

‘Strategic partnership’ with China is often perceived as vague slogan. However, there are some points in which Chinese ‘grand strategy’ is surprisingly coherent with the European strategic vision. Both sides want to develop ...

The aim of the chapter is to analyse how Germany cooperates with China at the substate level. The authors try to highlight the background of the bilateral relations and answer the questions about the grounds for German ...

Konflikt o wyspy Spratly i Paracele na Morzu Południowochińskim trwa z różnym natężeniem od połowy lat siedemdziesiątych XX w. Głównymi stronami w konflikcie są: Chiny i Wietnam oraz Tajwan, które pretendują do całości ...

The main goal of this chapter is to present some characteristics of the cooperation at the regional level from the European local government perspective, including the Chinese attitude to the matter in question. The chapter ...

The aim of this chapter is to analyse how the UK actors cooperate with their Chinese counterparts at the regional and local level. Due to the United Kingdom’s constitutional and administrative structure, consisting of the ...

The main objective of this chapter is to characterise the activities between French regions and Chinese provinces or cities – their intensity, scopes, advantages and obstacles. Besides, as the context for the paradiplomacy, ...

One objective of this chapter is to characterize the activities between Spanish communities and Chinese provinces and cities – their intensity, scope, advantages and obstacles that they face. The question relates to a ...