Podział rynku pracy. Koncepcje segmentacyjne

Abstract

The source of labour market division is the differentiation of labour supply and demand As a result of it, the labour market disintegrates into parts otherwise known as segments, with only insignificant movements of labour taking place between them. Thus, particular segments are relatively isolated from one another. They are characterized by their different ways of functioning and in most cases they differ with regard to the quality of offered jobs. Divisions of the labour market into fragmentary markets are analyzed within the framework of segmentation theory. The research conducted hitherto has allowed to formulate different concepts of divisions of the labour market. The group of traditional concepts can be said to include classifications distinguishing occupational, branch and spatial (local, regional) markets. The main segmentation concepts are the theories of dual, internal and external labour markets. Alongside them function others such as a three-sectorial model of labour market, a division into a sector of sex competition and a sector of jobs competition, or concepts based on analysis of employment contracts. In their construction, there is accepted an assumption about heterogeneity of the labour market, with the idea of a restricted access to particular segments being always the leading one. On the other hand, the criteria of labour market division tend to vary, although the results obtained by means of them happen to be quite convergent. A great number and a big diversity of segmentation concepts do not allow to integrate them into a single, general theory of the labour market. A separate issue is a possibility of applying these findings in the research of labour market in Poland.