Kierowanie procesami produkcji w świetle współczesnego postępu technicznego

Abstract

The principles of organizing production process in an industrial enterprise formulated by F. W. Taylor and H. Ford on the basis of atomization of work into the most elementary and repeatable operations, which have been treated as an important factor for improving effectiveness of activity, have gone through their culminating point in the modern industry. Atomization of work process calls for harmonization of atomized operations, complex and labour-intensive coordinating activities, and it also leads to authoritarian management with all its negative consequences. It is estimated that in many spheres of production the division of labour has reached its ceiling, beyond which not only is further increase of labour productivity checked but there also appears an apprehension that it may lead to the reversing of change tendencies in labour productivity. The future growth calls for a new formula and orientation connected with management of industrial production processes. Changes occurring both in the sphere of investment and consumer demand (departure from uniform mass production in favour of production diversification) and in organization and technologies of production cause that the innovation factor obtains a new dimension in choosing the future model of management of production processes. A basis of these changes is ensuring a close relationship between research and development activities, on the one hand, and manufacturing processes, on the other hand. Among new integration formulas is the research- production centre, i. e. academic in stitutions, research and development institutes mainly oriented at applied and developmental research oriented at satisfaction of the industry's needs. These institutions should be characterized by “innovative aggressiveness". The functions of integrators of research and industry may be performed also by small and medium-sized research-production firms which not only absorb new ideas but also generate them. Creation of integrated systems linking large and small firms calls for reorientation in management of production processes, in which m ans function becomes programming and supervising processes of work. The new solutions in this field include flexible manufacturing systems and "just in time" production systems.