Pokaż uproszczony rekord

dc.contributor.authorFeder-Sempach, Ewa
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-29T13:29:55Z
dc.date.available2025-01-29T13:29:55Z
dc.date.issued2024-12-31
dc.identifier.issn2391-6478
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/54440
dc.description.abstractThe purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to present the safe-haven concept according to the latest academic literature and distinguish it from the hedge and diversifier terms that are sometimes used interchangeably by researchers and portfolio managers. The ultimate goal of the paper is to place the safe-haven and hedge assets in the portfolio theory setting by introducing the negative beta parameter as stated in the Capital Asset Pricing Model. According to the literature, this article proposes a few approaches to identify and characterize safe-haven assets and to discover the perspective and outline further research in the portfolio theory.Methodology. The work uses the method of descriptive and comparative analysis of literature, i.e., Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This method is used to present scientific overview of portfolio management when uncertainty rises to identify safe-haven and hedge assets.Results of the research. This paper aims to characterize and identify three main types of assets helping investors to reduce the portfolio risk: safe haven, hedge, and diversifier. It introduces an improved analytical framework of beta parameter and drawdown beta concept to contribute to the rapidly expanding research on portfolio theory. Lastly it depicts a trade-off effect, which is stronger in-crisis performance of safe-haven assets. The returns of safe-haven assets are more positive when the stock market returns are more negative that may safeguard the financial system.en
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegopl
dc.relation.ispartofseriesJournal of Finance and Financial Lawen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subjectsafe-haven assetsen
dc.subjecthedgeen
dc.subjectdiversifieren
dc.subjectCAPMen
dc.subjectbetaen
dc.titlePortfolio Management in Times of Elevated Risk. Safe-Haven and Hedge Assets in CAPM Settingen
dc.typeArticle
dc.page.number41-59
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationUniversity of Lodz, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Department of International Economicsen
dc.identifier.eissn2353-5601
dc.referencesAkhtaruzzaman, M., Boubaker, S., Lucey, B. M., and Sensoy, A. (2021). Is gold a hedge or a safe-haven asset in the COVID–19 crisis?. Economic Modelling, 102, pp. 105588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105588en
dc.referencesAzimli, A. (2022). Degree and structure of return dependence among commodities, energy stocks and international equity markets during the post-covid-19 period. Resources Policy, 77, pp. 102679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102679en
dc.referencesBaltensperger, E., Kugler, P. (2016). The historical origins of the safe haven status of the Swiss franc. Aussenwirtschaft, ISSN 0004-8216, Universität St.Gallen, Schweizerisches Institut für Aussenwirtschaft und Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung (SIAW-HSG), St.Gallen, Vol. 67, Iss. 2, pp. 1–30.en
dc.referencesBatten, J.A., Ciner, C. and Lucey, B.M. (2010). The macroeconomic determinants of volatility in precious metals markets. Resources Policy, 35(2), pp. 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2009.12.002en
dc.referencesBaur, D.G. and Lucey, B.M. (2009). Is gold a hedge or a safe haven? an analysis of stocks, bonds and gold. SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.952289en
dc.referencesBaur, D.G. and McDermott, T.K. (2010). Is gold a safe haven? international evidence. Journal of Banking and Finance, 34(8), pp. 1886–1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbank-fin.2009.12.008en
dc.referencesBaur, D.G., Dimpfl, T. and Kuck, K. (2021). Safe haven assets - the bigger picture. SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3800872en
dc.referencesBaur, Dirk G. and McDermott, Thomas K. J. (2013). Financial Turmoil and Safe Haven Assets. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2004796en
dc.referencesBekiros, S., Boubaker, S., Nguyen, D. K., and Uddin, G. S. (2017). Black Swan events and safe havens: The role of gold in globally integrated emerging markets. Journal of International Money and Finance, 73, pp. 317–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2017.02.010en
dc.referencesBhuiyan, R.A., Husain, A. and Zhang, C. (2023). Diversification evidence of bitcoin and gold from wavelet analysis. Financial Innovation, 9(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40854-023-00495-1en
dc.referencesBie, U., Henneberg Pedersen, A. (1999). The Role of Gold in the Monetary System. https://www.nationalbanken.dk/en/news-and-knowledge/publications-and-speeches/archive-publications/1999/the-role-of-gold-in-the-monetary-system [Accessed: 23.08.2024].en
dc.referencesBogołębska, J., Feder-Sempach, E. and Stawasz-Grabowska, E. (2024). Safe assets in the global economy: Supply, demand and financial stability. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.en
dc.referencesBogołębska, J., Feder-Sempach, E. and Stawasz-Grabowska, E. (2019). Reserve currency status as a safe asset determinant. Empirical evidence from main public issuers in the period 2005–2017. Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe, 22(3), pp. 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2019-0023en
dc.referencesBoubaker, H., Cunado, J., Gil-Alana, L. A., and Gupta, R. (2020). Global crises and gold as a safe haven: Evidence from over seven and a half centuries of data. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 540, pp. 123093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.123093en
dc.referencesBouri, E., Molnár, P., Azzi, G., Roubaud, D., and Hagfors, L. I. (2017). On the hedge and safe haven properties of bitcoin: Is it really more than a diversifier?. Finance Research Letters, 20, pp. 192–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2016.09.025en
dc.referencesBouri, E., Lucey, B. and Roubaud, D. (2020). The volatility surprise of leading cryptocurrencies: Transitory and permanent linkages. Finance Research Letters, 33, pp. 101188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.05.006en
dc.referencesBędowska-Sójka, B. and Kliber, A. (2021). Is there one safe-haven for various turbulences? The evidence from Gold, Bitcoin and Ether. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 56, pp. 101390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2021.101390en
dc.referencesChangrong, L., Fandi, Y., Jiaxiang, L. and Shilong, L. (2024). Research on safe-haven currencies under global uncertainty — A new perception based on the East Asian market. Global Finance Journal, Volume 62, pp. 101013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.101013en
dc.referencesChemkha, R., BenSaïda, A., Ghorbel, A. and Tayachi, T. (2021). Hedge and safe haven properties during COVID-19: Evidence from Bitcoin and gold. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Volume 82, pp. 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2021.07.006en
dc.referencesChoi, S., Shin, J. (2022). Bitcoin: An inflation hedge but not a safe haven. Finance Research Letters, Volume 46, Part B. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102379en
dc.referencesCifarelli, G. and Paladino, G. (2015). A dynamic model of hedging and speculation in the Commodity Futures Markets. Journal of Financial Markets, 25, pp. 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2015.07.002en
dc.referencesConnolly, R., Stivers, C. and Sun, L. (2005). Stock market uncertainty and the stock-bond return relation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40(1), pp. 161–194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000001782en
dc.referencesCoudert, V., Guillaumin, C., Raymond, H. (2014). Looking at the Other Side of Carry Trades: Are there any Safe Haven Currencies?. Working Papers 2014-03, CEPII research center.en
dc.referencesDing, R. and Uryasev, S. (2022). Drawdown beta and portfolio optimization. Quantitative Finance, 22(7), pp. 1265–1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2022.2037698en
dc.referencesDębski, W., Feder-Sempach, E. and Świderski, B. (2016). Beta stability over bull and bear market on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, 16(1), pp. 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2016-0006en
dc.referencesElton, E., Gruber, M. (1995). Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis, Fifth Edition. Wiley.en
dc.referencesFeder-Sempach, E., Szczepocki, P. (2022). The Bayesian Method in Estimating Polish and German Industry Betas. A Comparative Analysis of the Risk between the Main Economic Sectors from 2001–2020. Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe, Volume 25, Number 2. https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.12en
dc.referencesFeder-Sempach, E., Szczepocki, P. and Bogołębska, J. (2024). Global uncertainty and potential shelters: Gold, bitcoin, and currencies as weak and strong safe havens for Main World Stock Markets. Financial Innovation, 10(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40854-023-00589-wen
dc.referencesGençyürek, A.G. and Ekinci, R. (2023). Safe-haven and hedging roles of precious metals for BRICS and Turkey. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(2), pp. 297–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.10.013en
dc.referencesGrisse, C. and Nitschka, T. (2015). On financial risk and the safe haven characteristics of Swiss Franc exchange rates. Journal of Empirical Finance, 32, pp. 153–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2015.03.006en
dc.referencesGronwald, M. (2019). Is Bitcoin a commodity? On price jumps, demand shocks, and certainty of supply. Journal of International Money and Finance, 97, pp. 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2019.06.006en
dc.referencesHabib, M.M. and Stracca, L. (2012). Getting beyond carry trade: What makes a safe haven currency?. Journal of International Economics, 87(1), pp. 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.12.005en
dc.referencesHager, S.B. (2016). A global bond: Explaining the safe-haven status of US Treasury securities. European Journal of International Relations, 23(3), pp. 557–580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066116657400en
dc.referencesJain, A. and Ghosh, S. (2013). Dynamics of global oil prices, exchange rate and precious metal prices in India. Resources Policy, 38(1), pp. 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2012.10.001en
dc.referencesKaczmarek, T., Będowska-Sójka, B., Grobelny, P. and Perez, K. (2022). False safe haven assets: Evidence from the target volatility strategy based on recurrent neural network. Research in International Business and Finance, 60, pp. 101610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101610en
dc.referencesKaul, A. and Sapp, S. (2006). Y2K fears and safe haven trading of the U.S. dollar. Journal of International Money and Finance, Volume 25, Issue 5, pp. 760–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2006.04.003en
dc.referencesLu, C., Yu, F., Li, J. and Li, S. (2024). Research on safe-haven currencies under global uncertainty - A new perception based on the East Asian market. Global Finance Journal, 62, pp. 101013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.101013en
dc.referencesLucey, B.M. and Li, S. (2015). What precious metals act as safe havens, and when? Some US evidence. Applied Economics Letters, 22(1), pp. 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.920471en
dc.referencesHe, Z., O’Connor, F. and Thijssen, J. (2018). Is gold a sometime safe haven or an always hedge for equity investors? A Markov-switching CAPM approach for US and UK stock indices. International Review of Financial Analysis, 60, pp. 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.08.010en
dc.referencesShahzad, S.J. H., Bouri, E., Roubaud, D. and Kristoufek, L. (2020). Safe haven, hedge and diversification for G7 Stock Markets: Gold versus bitcoin. Economic Modelling, 87, pp. 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.07.023en
dc.referencesLee, Z-Z., Su, C. and Tao, R. (2024). No longer a safe haven currency? A fresh evidence of Japanese yen under uncertainty. Panoeconomicus, 71(1), pp. 119–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan190329021len
dc.referencesLi, L. and Miu, P. (2023). Are cryptocurrencies a safe haven for stock investors? A regime-switching approach. Journal of Empirical Finance, 70, pp. 367–385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemp-fin.2022.12.010en
dc.referencesMarkowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 77-91.en
dc.referencesMasujima, Y. (2019). Time-variant safe-haven currency status and determinants. RIETI Discussion Paper Series.en
dc.referencesMcCown, J.R. and Shaw, R. (2017). Investment potential and risk hedging characteristics of Platinum Group Metals. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 63, pp. 328–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2016.06.001en
dc.referencesMiziołek, T., Feder-Sempach, E. and Zaremba, A. (2020). International Equity Exchange-traded funds: Navigating Global ETF Market Opportunities and risks. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.en
dc.referencesMujtaba, G. G., Siddique, A., Naifar, N. and Shahzad, S. J. H. (2023). Hedge and safe haven role of commodities for the US and Chinese Equity Markets. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 29(2), pp. 2381–2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2788en
dc.referencesO’Connor, F. A., Lucey, B. M., Batten, J. A., and Baur, D. G. (2015). The Financial Economics of Gold — A Survey. International Review of Financial Analysis, 41, pp. 186–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2015.07.005en
dc.referencesRanaldo, A. and Söderlind, P. (2009). Safe haven currencies. SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.999382en
dc.referencesRaza, N., Ali, S., Shahzad, S. J. H., and Raza, S. A. (2018). Do commodities effectively hedge real estate risk? A multi-scale asymmetric DCC approach. Resources Policy, 57, pp. 10–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.01.001en
dc.referencesReilly, F., Brown, K. (1997). Investment Analysis and portfolio management. The Dryden Press. Fifth Ed.en
dc.referencesRizvi, S.K., Naqvi, B., Mirza, N., and Umar, M. (2022). Safe haven properties of green, Islamic, and crypto assets and investor’s proclivity towards Treasury and gold. Energy Economics, 115, p. 106396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106396en
dc.referencesShahzad, S.J., Bouri, E., Roubaud, D., Kristoufek, L., and Lucey, B. (2019). Is bitcoin a better safe-haven investment than gold and commodities?. International Review of Financial Analysis, 63, pp. 322–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.01.002en
dc.referencesSharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital-Asset Prices - a Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk. Journal of Finance, 19, pp. 425-442.en
dc.referencesSikiru, A.A. and Salisu, A.A. (2021). Assessing the hedging potential of gold and other precious metals against uncertainty due to epidemics and pandemics. Quality and Quantity, 56(4), pp. 2199–2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01214-7en
dc.referencesSmales, L.A. (2019). Bitcoin as a safe haven: Is it even worth considering?. Finance Research Letters, 30, pp. 385–393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.11.002en
dc.referencesStarr, M. and Tran, K. (2008). Determinants of the physical demand for gold: Evidence from panel data. Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pp. 416–436.en
dc.referencesTriki, M.B. and Ben Maatoug, A. (2021). The gold market as a safe haven against the stock market uncertainty: Evidence from geopolitical risk. Resources Policy, 70, pp. 101872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101872en
dc.referencesTronzano, M. (2023). Safe-haven currencies as defensive assets in Global Stocks Portfolios: A reassessment of the empirical evidence (1999–2022). Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(5), pp. 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16050273en
dc.referencesWang, Q., Wei, Y., Wang, Y., and Liu, Y. (2022). On the safe‐haven ability of bitcoin, gold, and commodities for international stock markets: Evidence from spillover index analysis. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9520486en
dc.referencesUpper, C. (2000). How safe was the “safe haven”? Financial market liquidity during the 1998 Turbulences. SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2785107en
dc.referencesVigne, S., Lucey, B. M., O’Connor, F. A., and Yarovaya, L. (2017). The financial economics of White Precious Metals - A Survey. SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2950207en
dc.referencesYan, Y., Lei, Y. and Wang, Y. (2022). Bitcoin as a safe-haven asset and a medium of exchange. Axioms, 11(8), pp. 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11080415en
dc.referencesYousaf, I., Plakandaras, V., Bouri, E., and Gupta, R. (2023). Hedge and Safe-Haven Properties of FAANA against gold, US Treasury, Bitcoin, and US dollar/CHF during the pandemic period. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 64, pp. 101844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2022.101844en
dc.referencesZabarankin, M., Pavlikov, K. and Uryasev, S. (2014). Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) with drawdown measure. European Journal of Operational Research, 234(2), pp. 508–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.03.024en
dc.referencesZheng-Zheng Li, Chi Wei Su and Ran Tao (2024). No Longer a Safe Haven Currency? A Fresh Evidence of Japanese Yen under Uncertainty. Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 71(1), pp. 119–134.en
dc.contributor.authorEmailewa.feder@uni.lodz.pl
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/2391-6478.S1.2024.03


Pliki tej pozycji

Thumbnail

Pozycja umieszczona jest w następujących kolekcjach

Pokaż uproszczony rekord

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Poza zaznaczonymi wyjątkami, licencja tej pozycji opisana jest jako https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0