Rozwój społeczny współczesnego świata - struktura i typologia przestrzenna

Abstract

Przedmiotem tego opracowania jest współczesny rozwój społeczny państw świata, ukształtowany w wyniku długotrwałych przemian demograficznych, społeczno- -ekonomicznych, politycznych i kulturowych. Zakres badań obejmował sześć podstawowych wymiarów rozwoju społecznego krajów: dystrybucję ludności, urbanizację, edukację, opiekę zdrowotną, wyżywienie i dochody ludności. Główny cel pracy stanowi identyfikacja zróżnicowania struktury przestrzennej poszczególnych wymiarów rozwoju społecznego i ogólnej oceny jego poziomu oraz typologia przestrzenna tego rozwoju na świecie.

A contemporary social development of states of world, formed as a result of longterm demographic, socioeconomic, political and cultural transformations, is a subject of this study. The scope of research included six essential dimensions of the social development of countries: distribution of the population, the urbanization, the education, the health care, the food and incomes of the population. An identification of diversifying the spatial structure of individual dimensions of the social development and an overall view of his level and a spatial typology of this development in the world constitute the main purpose of the work. In the comprehensive evaluation of the social development of countries and regions an Indicator of the Social Development was used (Human Development Index). A clearly emphasized negative asymmetry and strong flattening distinguish his spatial distribution at the rather small changeability. Western countries, in which the analyzed sign is crossing, are representing the high level of the social development 0.91. Spatial distributions of many individual measures of the level of the social development much differ between themselves. From here drawing up the typology of states of world, determining differences and resemblances were also regarded special between them in terms of six most important dimensions of this development – distribution of population, urbanization, education, health care, food and incomes of the population. For typological purposes 14 variables which thoroughly are describing exchanged dimensions of the social development of individual countries were chosen. All diagnostic variables were liable to a statistical standardization. In the typology a taxonomical method K-averages has used. The application enabled her to allocate seven, best separated clusters which can be identified with separate types states of the name of individual types were created from determined combinations of diagnostic features the most singling them out: type 1 – the high level of the illiteracy, the low calorific value of the food and little average lasting the life of women and men; type 2 – quite high growth of the basic education, at the insufficient development of the health care; type 3 – high share of illiterates, coincident with the insufficient development of the secondary education and the low predicted length of the life; type 4 – the welldeveloped health care and the education; type 5 – very high level of the prosperity, tied together in particular with excellent satisfying the needs in the food, the education and the health care; type 6 – small population stores which the average level of the development of the education and the health care and long enough predicted lasting the life of men and women suit; type 7 – wide reach of the illiteracy, very the bottom stair of education on the basic and secondary level, the insufficient food and very short lasting the life.