Kapital ludzki w Polsce i w Unii Europejskiej

Abstract

The systemic transformation in Poland is usually linked with financial capital as an indispensable factor in transformations taking place here. Tapping domestic and foreign financial capital is to pave the way for enhanced competitiveness of the economy. Meanwhile, experience of many countries indicates that these are investments in man’s qualifications which are the cheapest way of improving competitiveness and accelerating economic growth. Intellectual potential offers huge opportunities, which can revive the economy and put in on the sustained growth path provided they are lapped effectively. Meanwhile, despite a considerable increase in the number of students in Poland in the years 1990-2002 expenditures on higher education remained at an unchanged low level and, in fact, they tend to decline steadily. Human capital with higher education is by one-third lower in terms of numbers than the EU average. All that produces various effects. On the one hand, a distance in relation to the EU tends to petrify and, on the other hand, such situation accounts for a low competitiveness of the Polish economy.