| dc.contributor.author | Bolek, Cezary | |
| dc.contributor.author | Bolek, Monika | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-10-14T09:32:53Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-10-14T09:32:53Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026-09-30 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2391-6478 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/59475 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to assess the spreads on CHF/PLN exchange rates at selected banks offering mortgage loans in Poland in terms of their level, symmetry, and significant differences between the surveyed banks.Methodology. The analysis of spreads for CHF/PLN exchange rates was conducted in the Python environment using tools for examining Reference Rate Deviation from Midpoint Spread Coefficient and for the preliminary assessment of differences between spreads offered by the selected banks.Results of the research. It was found that the spread policies in banks were subject to changes and that differences existed between the surveyed entities in terms of setting bid and ask rates, and consequently, the currency spreads differences.Limitations: The limitations of the presented article are related to the research sample, which includes rates set by 6 selected banks offering mortgage loans on the Polish market. This limitation stems from a lack of access to the remaining data. Moreover, the assessment of spread differences is only a preliminary judgment; further tests with panel data and fixed effects analysis are necessary for final conclusions. | pl |
| dc.description.abstract | The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to assess the spreads on CHF/PLN exchange rates at selected banks offering mortgage loans in Poland in terms of their level, symmetry, and significant differences between the surveyed banks.Methodology. The analysis of spreads for CHF/PLN exchange rates was conducted in the Python environment using tools for examining Reference Rate Deviation from Midpoint Spread Coefficient and for the preliminary assessment of differences between spreads offered by the selected banks.Results of the research. It was found that the spread policies in banks were subject to changes and that differences existed between the surveyed entities in terms of setting bid and ask rates, and consequently, the currency spreads differences.Limitations: The limitations of the presented article are related to the research sample, which includes rates set by 6 selected banks offering mortgage loans on the Polish market. This limitation stems from a lack of access to the remaining data. Moreover, the assessment of spread differences is only a preliminary judgment; further tests with panel data and fixed effects analysis are necessary for final conclusions. | en |
| dc.language.iso | pl | |
| dc.publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego | pl |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Journal of Finance and Financial Law;51 | en |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 | |
| dc.subject | CHF/PLN spread | en |
| dc.subject | Reference Rate Deviation from Midpoint Spread Coefficient | en |
| dc.subject | banks | en |
| dc.title | Spready w kursach walutowych CHF/PLN wybranych banków oferujących kredyty hipoteczne w Polsce | pl |
| dc.title.alternative | CHF/PLN exchange rates spreads of selected banks offering mortgage loans in Poland | en |
| dc.type | Other | |
| dc.page.number | 211-235 | |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Bolek, Cezary - Katedra Informatyki, Wydział Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Łódzki | pl |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Bolek, Monika - Katedra Finansów Korporacji, Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny, Uniwersytet Łódzki | pl |
| dc.identifier.eissn | 2353-5601 | |
| dc.references | Adam, M. (2016). Determinanty kształtowania się spreadów swapów ryzyka kredytowego wystawionych na polskie obligacje skarbowe [Rozprawa doktorska, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu]. Wielkopolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa. https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/498078. | pl |
| dc.references | Bain, J. S. (1956). Barriers to new competition: Their character and consequences in manufacturing industries. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674188037. | pl |
| dc.references | Bank BPH S.A. (n.d.). Kursy walut. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.bph.pl/pl/kursy-walut. | pl |
| dc.references | Bank Pekao S.A. (n.d.). Kursy walut. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.pekao.com.pl/kursy-walut.html. | pl |
| dc.references | Bollerslev, T., & Melvin, M. (1994). Bid-ask spreads and volatility in the foreign exchange market: An empirical analysis. Journal of International Economics, 36(3–4), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(94)90008-6. | pl |
| dc.references | Buszko, M. (2010). Ryzyko kredytów walutowych i metody jego ograniczania na polskim rynku finansowym. Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe, 1(3), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2010.001. | pl |
| dc.references | Czech, K. A. (2016). Anomalia premii terminowej na rynku jena japońskiego. Wydawnictwo SGGW. | pl |
| dc.references | Demsetz, H. (1973). Industry structure, market rivalry, and public policy. Journal of Law and Economics, 16(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1086/466752. | pl |
| dc.references | Dwumfour, R. A. (2019). Explaining banking spread. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 11(1), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-02-2018-0031. | pl |
| dc.references | Fatum, R., Pedersen, J., & Sørensen, P. N. (2013). The intraday effects of central bank intervention on exchange rate spreads. Journal of International Money and Finance, 33, 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2012.10.006. | pl |
| dc.references | Główka, G. (2009). Instrumenty finansowe a rynek mieszkaniowy. Problemy Rozwoju Miast, 6(3), 11–26. | pl |
| dc.references | ING Bank Śląski S.A. (n.d.). Kursy walut. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.ing.pl/kursy-walut. | pl |
| dc.references | Jasiniak, M. (2022). Efekty cenowe na polskim rynku kapitałowym. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. https://doi.org/10.18778/8220-862-7. | pl |
| dc.references | Jeżewski, R. (2010). Spread walutowy jako dodatkowe źródło dochodu banków w czasie spowolnienia hipotecznej akcji kredytowej. Robert Jeżewski. https://www.academia.edu/114679692/SPREAD_WALUTOWY_JAKO_DODATKOWE_%C5%B9R%C3%93D%C5%81O_DOCHODU_BANK%C3%93W_W_CZASIE_SPOWOLNIENIA_HIPOTECZNEJ_AKCJI_KREDYTOWEJ. | pl |
| dc.references | Kalinowski, M. (2011). Spread walutowy jako element ryzyka walutowego kredytobiorców w Polsce. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia, 37, 461–472. | pl |
| dc.references | Kobylski, P. (2019). Postanowienia umowy kredytu indeksowanego do waluty obcej lub denominowanego w walucie obcej – studium problemu. Roczniki Nauk Prawnych, 29(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.18290/rnp.2019.29.1-3. | pl |
| dc.references | Lee, T.-H. (1994). Spread and volatility in spot and forward exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance, 13(3), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(94)90034-5. | pl |
| dc.references | Lubiński, M. (2015). Efekty ponadgraniczne niekonwencjonalnej polityki monetarnej. Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, 280(6), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.33119/GN/100813. | pl |
| dc.references | Mason, E. S. (1939). Price and production policies of large-scale enterprise. The American Economic Review, 29(1), 61–74. | pl |
| dc.references | mBank S.A. (n.d.). Kursy walut. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.mbank.pl/serwis-ekonomiczny/kursy-walut. | pl |
| dc.references | Mielus, P. (2012). Rynkowe miary konwergencji w europejskich krajach wschodzących w okresie zaburzeń na rynku finansowym. Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo, (31), 3–21. | pl |
| dc.references | Mielus, P. (2017). Wpływ sanacji kredytów frankowych na rynek swapów walutowych w PLN. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio H Oeconomia, 51(5), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.17951/h.2017.51.5.199. | pl |
| dc.references | Mirkov, N., Pozdeev, I., & Söderlind, P. (2019). Verbal interventions and exchange rate policies: The case of Swiss franc cap. Journal of International Money and Finance, 93, 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2018.12.010. | pl |
| dc.references | Narodowy Bank Polski. (2014). Raport o stabilności systemu finansowego. | pl |
| dc.references | Offiong, A. I., Riman, H. B., & Akpan, E. S. (2016). Foreign exchange fluctuations and commercial banks profitability in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 7(18), 121–126. | pl |
| dc.references | Peltzman, S. (1977). The gains and losses from industrial concentration. The Journal of Law and Economics, 20(2), 229–263. https://doi.org/10.1086/466902. | pl |
| dc.references | PKO Bank Polski S.A. (n.d.). Waluty. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.pkobp.pl/waluty. | pl |
| dc.references | Santander Consumer Bank S.A. (n.d.). Kursy walut. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.santanderconsumer.pl/kursy-walut. | pl |
| dc.references | Stooq. (n.d.). Stooq. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.stooq.pl. | pl |
| dc.references | Urząd Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego. (2008). Rekomendacja S (II) dotycząca dobrych praktyk w zakresie ekspozycji kredytowych zabezpieczonych hipotecznie. https://nuk.knf.gov.pl/knf/pl/komponenty/img/Nr%20391_9588.pdf. | pl |
| dc.references | Urząd Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego. (2016). Informacja w zakresie skutków projektu ustawy o sposobach przywrócenia równości stron niektórych umów kredytu i umów pożyczki: Wpływ na instytucje kredytowe. https://www.knf.gov.pl/knf/pl/komponenty/img/skutki_finansowe_projektu_58134.pdf. | pl |
| dc.contributor.authorEmail | Bolek, Cezary - cezary.bolek@uni.lodz.pl | |
| dc.contributor.authorEmail | Bolek, Monika - monika.bolek@uni.lodz.pl | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.18778/2391-6478.3.51.09 | |
| dc.relation.volume | 3 | |