The outbreak of World War I temporarily stopped the process „Lodz Esperanto Societo”. Organization reactivated after a few months and stood intensive activities aimed at promoting the artificial language created by Ludwig ...

In 1845/1846 a so far unknown species arrived in Europe – the fungus Phytophthora infestans. Phytophthora infestans causes the late blight of the potato. The blight became known as the potato famine and was a historic and ...

Founded in 1868 the Pedagogical Society in Lviv was a professional-scientific association of the Galician teachers. The Society dealt with the development of education (especially elementary), teachers’ subsistence, their ...

Interest in the issues concerning women’s economic activity in Galicia has been rather limited so far. Historians’ attention has usually been drawn to the problem of employing them as factory workers. „Trade-industry index” ...

Polish medical literature in the first half of the nineteenth century which was devoted to pregnant women was rich. It was usully largely translations of foreign works. Both practical guides for pregnant women, and ...

In the end of 19 – beginning of 20 centuries on the right bank of Ukraine are women’s religious communities created on the initiative of the Catholic Church. The most common among them are the monasteries of the order of ...