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The Perfect Ruler in the Art and Literature of Medieval Bulgaria
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2011)
The paper is an attempt to provide some information about the concept of the perfect ruler, as saved in the literature and the fine arts of the medieval Bulgaria, and which are related to the name of the king Ivan Alexander. ...
Fund Collection through Litigation by the State Treasury in the Roman Empire (with Special Reference to the First Three Centuries A.D.)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2012)
The paper discusses the confiscation of property (publicatio bonorum) as a source of revenue for the fiscus in ancient Rome. The term fiscus means, among other things, the public property, State funds, but also the private ...
Peculatus – Several Remarks on the Classification of the Offence of Embezzlement of Public Funds in Roman Law
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2012)
The offence of embezzlement of public funds – peculatus – is an interesting research subject due to the Roman legislator’s original approach to the issue of the classification of types of criminal offences (crimina). The ...
A Lost Byzantine Chronicle in Slavic Translation
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2011)
Until recently the so-called Slavic version of the Chronicle of George Synkellos has not been paid proper attention. The attribution of Vasilij Istrin who in the beginning of the 20th c. identified the Slavic text as a ...
On Some Fiscal Decisions of Caligula and Vespasian
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2012)
The history of the Roman Empire is a history of continuously looking for new sources of state revenues. Numerous public loads, spontaneously created during the early Empire, without any deeper analysis, created a disordered ...
Imprisonment of Tax Non-payers – an Abuse of Power or a Measure of Legal Discipline?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2012)
In the field of taxation there existed many casuistic crimes of Roman criminal law, committed both by tax payers and tax collectors, but non-payment of taxes was not one of them. As a rule taxpayers risked confiscation of ...
Notes on the Cult of the Fifteen Tiberioupolitan Martyrs in Medieval Bulgaria
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2011)
The cult of the fifteen Tiberioupolitan martyrs is one of the most intriguing cults in medieval Bulgaria. There are, however, a lot of questions about this cult, some of which I address in this paper. The earliest evidence ...
Tsar Samuel Against Emperor Basil II: Why Did Bulgaria Loose the Battle with the Byzantine Empire at the Beginning of the 11th Century
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2011)
At the beginning of the 11th century, after decades of almost incessant wars with the Byzantine Empire, the Bulgarian state lost its political independence. In many research works on the period in question there is emphasis ...
Remarks on Some Tax Exempts in Ancient Rome
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2012)
The author tries to classify the tax privileges that existed in Ancient Rome. He gives a few examples of reliefs and exemptions, and provides their short legal and lexical analyses. Finally, he discusses whether some of ...
The Abuses of Exactores and the Laesio Enormis – a Few Remarks
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (Lodz University Press), 2012)
The text discusses in detail the emperor’s constitution concerning the abuses of tax collectors in Africa (CTh, X, 17, 3 = CJ, IV, 44, 16 – a. 391/392), arguing against associating it with the idea of laesio enormis developed ...