ESG Reporting by Commercial Banks in Poland as Part of Supporting Sustainable Economic Development – A Case Study of Bank Millennium and Santander Bank Polska

Abstract

The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to analyze ESG reporting in the banking sector based on the example of Bank Millennium and Santander Bank Polska SA. The study focuses on the activities undertaken by banks in the environmental, social, and governance dimensions and on the role of ESG reporting in increasing transparency and supporting sustainable development principles in the financial sector.Methodology. The study was conducted using the case study method. The analysis was based on annual reports and sustainability reports of Bank Millennium and Santander Bank Polska SA for the years 2024–2025. The research covered ESG-related activities in three dimensions: environmental, social, and corporate governance.Results of the research. The results indicate that the analyzed banks are systematically developing ESG-related activities and integrating sustainability issues into their business operations. The study shows that ESG reporting contributes to increasing the transparency of the financial sector and supports the transformation of the economy towards a more sustainable development model.