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dc.contributor.authorLin, Hua
dc.contributor.authorLu, Zixuan
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-10T11:57:57Z
dc.date.available2026-09-10T11:57:57Z
dc.date.issued2026-09-09
dc.identifier.issn0208-6069
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/59296
dc.description.abstractNormative Administrative Documents (NADs), commonly known as ‘red-headed documents’ play a significant role in the Chinese system of administrative governance. However, due to their sheer volume and the lack of clear procedural standards in their formulation, they have frequently become a source of rights infringements and administrative disputes, exposing blind spots in the fundamental rights protection. In the article, we advocate introducing direct judicial review for NADs. This proposal is not aimed at fully embracing strong-form review but rather conceptualises direct review as a limit on limits. In the first section, we concisely reconstruct the current incidental review system and formulate the research problem by identifying the challenges of procedural stagnation, specifically conceptual ambiguity, weak enforcement, and limited legal effect. In the second section, we compare existing reform approaches and evaluate the relative superiority and feasibility of direct judicial review. In the third section, the article proposes a non-linear, multi-level, and differentiated model of normative oversight, centred on the substantive resolution of administrative disputes and tailored to the functional characteristics of NADs. This model distinguishes between instrumental, generative, and displacive types of administrative disputes and coordinates administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, and constitutional review.en
dc.description.abstractAdministracyjne dokumenty normatywne (NAD), powszechnie znane jako „dokumenty z czerwonym nagłówkiem”, odgrywają istotną rolę w chińskim systemie zarządzania administracyjnego. Jednak ze względu na ich ogromną liczbę oraz brak jasnych standardów proceduralnych przy ich tworzeniu, często stają się źródłem naruszeń praw i sporów administracyjnych, ujawniając luki w ochronie praw podstawowych. W artykule opowiadamy się za wprowadzeniem bezpośredniej kontroli sądowej NAD. Propozycja ta nie zmierza do pełnego przyjęcia silnej formy kontroli, lecz ujmuje kontrolę bezpośrednią jako „ograniczenie ograniczeń”. W pierwszej części zwięźle rekonstruujemy obecny system kontroli incydentalnej i formułujemy problem badawczy poprzez wskazanie wyzwań stagnacji proceduralnej, w szczególności niejednoznaczności pojęciowej, słabego egzekwowania oraz ograniczonej skuteczności prawnej. W drugiej części porównujemy istniejące podejścia reformatorskie i oceniamy względną przewagę oraz wykonalność bezpośredniej kontroli sądowej. W trzeciej części artykułu proponujemy nieliniowy, wielopoziomowy i zróżnicowany model nadzoru normatywnego, skoncentrowany na materialnym rozstrzyganiu sporów administracyjnych i dostosowany do funkcjonalnych cech NAD. Model ten rozróżnia instrumentalne, generatywne oraz wypierające typy sporów administracyjnych oraz koordynuje ponowne rozpatrzenie administracyjne, postępowanie sądowoadministracyjne i kontrolę konstytucyjną.pl
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegopl
dc.relation.ispartofseriesActa Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridicaen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subjectnormative administrative documentsen
dc.subjectjudicial reviewen
dc.subjectsubstantive resolution of administrative disputesen
dc.subjectadministracyjne dokumenty normatywnepl
dc.subjectkontrola sądowapl
dc.subjectmaterialne rozstrzyganie sporów administracyjnychpl
dc.titleBeyond Procedural Stagnation: Substantive Resolution of Disputes Arising from Chinese Normative Administrative Documentsen
dc.title.alternativePoza stagnacją proceduralną: Materialne rozstrzyganie sporów wynikających z chińskich administracyjnych dokumentów normatywnychpl
dc.typeArticle
dc.page.number99-136
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationLin, Hua - China University of Political Science and Lawen
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationLu, Zixuan - Renmin University of Chinaen
dc.identifier.eissn2450-2782
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dc.contributor.authorEmailLin, Hua - linhua@cupl.edu.cn
dc.contributor.authorEmailLu, Zixuan - zixuan.lu.23@ucl.ac.uk
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/0208-6069.114.07
dc.relation.volume114


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