The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to assess the level of development of cashless payment in the European Union countries between 2019 and 2023. The following research question was formulated – which ...

The purpose of the article. Costs associated with legal risks, including those arising from the need to carry out loan conversions, compensate borrowers, and court or settlement costs, are an element that affects the ...

The purpose of the article. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the academic literature on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) topics within the domains of economics, ...

The purpose of the article. The publication aims to determine the extent to which changes in the use of e-banking during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the methods and scale of cyberscams in Europe (including Poland). ...

The purpose of the article. The aim of the article was to assess the effectiveness of monetary policy implementation under conditions of strong external shocks on the example of selected central banks and its implications ...

The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to analyze the growth of net profits in the context of factors influencing it, taking into account ESG strategy implemented by companies.Methodology. In the research, ...

The purpose of the article. Retail investors in capital markets have enhanced accessibility to a broad spectrum of financial instruments via online trading platforms operated by investment firms. However, these instruments ...