Nowadays, multinational structure of cities’ population leads in many cases to the emergence of conflicts and feuds of ethnic, religious and cultural background. In case of Łódź, thanks to its unusual history and unique ...

At its outset, although Polish Protestantism gained big popularity, it did not manage to cover a broad social scope. It gained members mainly among the nobility and wealthy bourgeoisie. Cieszyn Silesia region was an exception ...

The problem raised in the title involves a general truth that present forms of statehood – independent nations – are viewed from a historical perspective. We look to past times for factors indicating the future in respect ...

The landscape of Central Poland is marked by multinational, multidenominational and multicultural relations. It is in this area, as in Lower Silesia and the former Eastern Borderlands, that the existence of Poles, Germans, ...

Muslim community in Poland, in terms of their population, is much smaller than in most of the Western European countries. Demographic potential determines the strength of their political and cultural influence – which in ...

Żydowska przestrzeń sakralna Łodzi, reprezentowana przez synagogi i domy modlitwy, była w dużym stopniu odzwierciedleniem dziejów żydowskich mieszkańców tego miasta. Stały, a od połowy XIX w. niezwykle wręcz dynamiczny ...

It must be said that the national, ethnic and religious minorities in Poland have doubtless historical, cultural, and to some extent also political value. They are a testimony to the curious multiculturalism of Poland that ...

Ludność niemiecka stanowiła liczebnie i gospodarczo dominującą grupę mieszkańców Łodzi w jej wczesno-przemysłowym okresie. Od drugiej połowy XIX wieku, ciężar odpowiedzialności za dynamiczny rozwój miasta dzieliła już wraz ...