| dc.contributor.author | Hodgetts, John | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-02T10:28:08Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-02T10:28:08Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-12-29 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1731-7533 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/57141 | |
| dc.description.abstract | This paper draws heavily from my previous work on intelligibility (Hodgetts, 2020). It advocates basing pronunciation instruction on intelligibility goals, rather than native-like production goals and investigates the research available on the segmental and suprasegmental features that should be prioritized in order to enhance intelligibility and comprehensibility. First, the Chapter defines and explains the concepts of intelligibility, comprehensibility and accentedness, before discussing the merits of native and intelligibility-based targets of instruction in various contexts. It then examines which elements of segmental and suprasegmental language instruction might be included in an intelligibility-based syllabus. The crucial role of the listener is explored, as is the issue of English used as a lingua franca. | en |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego | pl |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Research in Language | en |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 | |
| dc.subject | ELF | en |
| dc.subject | intelligibility | en |
| dc.subject | comprehensibility | en |
| dc.subject | accentedness | en |
| dc.subject | nativeness | en |
| dc.title | Intelligibility-based Instruction and English as a lingua franca | en |
| dc.type | Article | |
| dc.page.number | 163-179 | |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | University of Lodz | en |
| dc.references | Baker, A., & Murphy, J. (2011). Knowledge base of pronunciation teaching: Staking out the territory. TESL Canada Journal, 28(2), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v28i2/1071 | en |
| dc.references | Bohn, H., & Hansen, T. (2017). Assessing pronunciation in an EFL context: Teachers’ orientations towards nativeness and intelligibility. Language Assessment Quarterly, 14(1), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2016.1256407 | en |
| dc.references | Brazil, D. (1994). Pronunciation for advanced learners of English (Teacher’s book). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Brown, A. (1991). Functional load and the teaching of pronunciation. In A. Brown (Ed.), Teaching English pronunciation: A book of readings (pp. 211–224). London: Routledge. | en |
| dc.references | Browne, K., & Fulcher, G. (2017). Pronunciation and intelligibility in assessing spoken fluency. In T. Isaacs & P. Trofimovich (Eds.), Second language pronunciation Assessment (pp. 37–53). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. | en |
| dc.references | Catford, J. C. (1988). Functional load and diachronic phonology. In Y. Tobin (Ed.), The Prague School and its legacy: In linguistics, literature, semiotics, folklore and the arts. (3–20). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/llsee.27.04cat | en |
| dc.references | Cauldwell, R. (2013). Phonology for listening. Birmingham: Speech in Action. | en |
| dc.references | Cauldwell, R. (2018). A syllabus for listening: Decoding. Speech in Action. | en |
| dc.references | Cauldwell, R. (2020, May 1). Listening decoding 01 Introduction [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQLLFQ_-VHs | en |
| dc.references | Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D., & Goodwin, J. (2010). Teaching pronunciation: A course book and reference guide (2nd ed.). New York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Cook, V. J. (1999). Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 33(2), 185–209. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587717 | en |
| dc.references | Cook, V. J. (2008). Second language learning and language teaching (4th ed.). London: Hodder Education. | en |
| dc.references | Couper, G. (2017). Teacher cognition of pronunciation teaching: Teachers’ concerns and issues. TESOL Quarterly, 51(4), 820–843. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.354 | en |
| dc.references | Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Cutler, A. (1986). Forbear is a homophone: Lexical prosody does not constrain lexical access. Language and Speech, 29(3), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383098602900302 | en |
| dc.references | Cutler, A, Dahan, D., & van Donselaar, W. (1997). Prosody in the comprehension of spoken language: A literature review. Language and Speech, 40(2), 141–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383099704000203 | en |
| dc.references | Dauer, R. M. (2005). The lingua franca core: A new model for pronunciation instruction? TESOL Quaterly, 39(3), 543–550. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588494 | en |
| dc.references | Derwing, T. M. (2003).What do ESL students say about their accents? Canadian Modern Language Review, 59(4), 547–566. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.59.4.547 | en |
| dc.references | Derwing, T. M.,Diepenbrook, L. G.,& Foote, J. A. (2012).How well do general skills ESL textbooks ddress pronunciation? TESL Canada Journal, 30(1), 22–44. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v30i1.1124 | en |
| dc.references | Derwing, T. M., Rossiter, M. J., & Munro, M. J. (2002). Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign accented speech. Journal of Multilingual and MulticulturalDevelopment, 23(4), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434630208666468 | en |
| dc.references | Derwing, T. M., & Munro, M. J. (2005). Second language accent and pronunciation teaching: A research-based approach. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588486 | en |
| dc.references | Derwing,T. M., & Munro, M.J. (2011).The foundations of accent and intelligibility in pronunciation research. Language Teaching, 44(3), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0261444811000103 | en |
| dc.references | Derwing, T. M., & Munro, M. J. (2015). Pronunciation fundamentals: Evidence-based perspectives for L2 teaching and research. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. | en |
| dc.references | Derwing, T. M., Munro, M. J., & Wiebe, G. (1997). Pronunciation instruction for ‘fossilized learners’: Can it help? Applied Language Learning, 8(2), 217–235. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ567518 | en |
| dc.references | Derwing, T. M., Thomson, R. I., & Munro, M. J. (2006). English pronunciation and fluency in Mandarin and Slavic speakers. System, 34(2), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2006.01.005 | en |
| dc.references | Dickerson, W. B. (1990). Morphology via orthography: Avisual approach to oral decisions. Applied Linguistics, 11(3), 238–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/11.3.238 | en |
| dc.references | Elkins, C. (2023). Legacy of violence: A history of the British empire. Penguin Random House. | en |
| dc.references | Field, J. (2005). Intelligibility and the listener: The role of lexical stress. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 399–423. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588487 | en |
| dc.references | Foote, J. A., & McDonough, K. (2017). Using shadowing with mobile technology to improve L2 pronunciation. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 3(1), 34–56. https://doi.org/10.1075/jslp.3.1.02foo | en |
| dc.references | Foote, J. A., Holtby, A. K., & Derwing, T. M. (2011). Survey of the teaching of pronunciation in adult ESL programs in Canada, 2010. TESL Canada Journal, 29(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v29i1.1086 | en |
| dc.references | Gass, S., & Varonis, E. M. (1984). The effect of familiarity on the comprehensibility of nonnative speech. Language Learning, 34(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00996.x | en |
| dc.references | Halliday, M. A. K., & Greaves, W. S. (2008). Intonation in the grammar of English. London: Equinox Publishing Ltd. | en |
| dc.references | Harding, L. (2017).What do raters need in a pronunciation scale? The user’s view. In T. Isaacs & P. Trofimovich (Eds.), Second language pronunciation assessment (pp. 12–34).Bristol: Multilingual Matters. | en |
| dc.references | Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English language teaching (3rd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson Education. | en |
| dc.references | Hincks, R. (2003). Speech technologies for pronunciation feedback and evaluation. ReCALL 15(1):3–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344003000211 | en |
| dc.references | Hincks, R.,& Edlund, J. (2009). Promoting increased pitch variation in oral presentations with transient visual feedback. Language, Learning and Technology, 13(3), 3–20. https://doi.org/10125/44190 | en |
| dc.references | Hodgetts, J. (2020). Pronunciation instruction in English for Academic Purposes. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56116-1 | en |
| dc.references | Isaacs, T., & Trofimovich, P. (2012). Deconstructing” comprehensibility: Identifying the linguistic influences on listeners’ L2 comprehensibility ratings. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 34(4), 475–505. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263112000150 | en |
| dc.references | Jarosz, A. (2019). English pronunciation in L2 instruction: The case of secondary school learners. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. | en |
| dc.references | Jenkins, J. (1998).Which pronunciation norms andmodels for English as an international language? ELT Journal, 52(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/52.2.119 | en |
| dc.references | Jenkins, J. (2000). The phonology of English as an international language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Jenkins, J. (2007). English as a lingua franca: Attitude and identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Johnstone, R. (2002). Addressing ‘the age factor’: Some implications for languages policy. Council of Europe. Retrieved from: https://rm.coe.int/addressing-the-age-factor-some-implications-forlanguages-policy-/1680886e92 | en |
| dc.references | Kachru, B. B. (1992). Teaching world Englishes. In B. B. Kachru (Ed.), The other tongue: English across cultures (2nd ed., pp. 355–365). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. | en |
| dc.references | Kennedy, S., & Trofimovich, P. (2008). Intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness of L2 Speech: The role of listener experience and semantic context. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 64(3), 450–489. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.64.3.459 | en |
| dc.references | Levis, J. M. (1999). Intonation in theory and practice, revisited. TESOL Quarterly, 33(1), 37–63. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588190 | en |
| dc.references | Levis, J. M. (2005). Changing contexts and shifting paradigms in pronunciation teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588485 | en |
| dc.references | Levis, J. M. (2018). Intelligibility, oral communication, and the teaching of pronunciation. Cambridge, UK & New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Levis, J. M., Derwing, T. M., & Sonsaat-Hegelheimer, S. (2022). Second Language Pronunciation: Bridging the Gap Between Research and Teaching. Wiley-Blackwell. | en |
| dc.references | Levis, J. M., & Cortes, V. (2008). Minimal pairs in spoken corpora: Implications for pronunciation assessment and teaching. In C. A. Chapelle, Y. R. Chung, & J. Xu (Eds.), Towards adaptive CALL: Natural language processing for diagnostics language assessment (pp. 197–208). Ames, IA.: Iowa State University. | en |
| dc.references | Lewis, M. (1993). The lexical approach. Hove: Language teaching publications. | en |
| dc.references | Lewis, M. (2002). Implementing the lexical approach: Putting theory into practice (2nd ed.).Boston: Heinle. | en |
| dc.references | Lindemann, S. (2003). Koreans, Chinese, or Indians? Attitudes and ideologies about nonnative English speakers in the United States. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 7(3), 348–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00228 | en |
| dc.references | Lindemann, S. (2017). Variation or ‘Error’? Perception of pronunciation variation and implications for assessment. In T. Isaacs & P. Trofimovich (Eds.), Second Language Pronunciation Assessment (pp. 193–209). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. | en |
| dc.references | Littlewood, W. (1984). Foreign and second language learning: Language acquisition and its implications for the classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Macdonald, S. (2002). Pronunciation-views and practices of reluctant teachers. Prospect, 17(3), 3–16. https://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/323083 | en |
| dc.references | Marks, J. (2002). Pronunciation in the lexical approach. In M. Lewis (Ed.), Implementing the lexical approach (pp. 156–162). Boston: Heinle. | en |
| dc.references | McCarthy, M. (1991). Discourse analysis for language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | en |
| dc.references | McNerney, M., & Mendelsohn, D. (1992). Suprasegmentals in the pronunciation class: Setting priorities. In P. Avery & S. Ehrlich (Eds.), Teaching American English pronunciation (pp. 185–196). Oxford: Oxford University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M. (1995). Foreign accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second language learners. Language Learning, 45(1), 285–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1995.tb00963.x | en |
| dc.references | Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M. (2006). The functional load principle in ESL pronunciation instruction: An exploratory study. System, 34(4), 520–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2006.09.004 | en |
| dc.references | Pawlak, M. (2011). Students’ successes and failures in learning foreign language pronunciation: Insights from diary data. In J. Arabski & A. Wojtaszek (Eds.), The acquisition of L2 phonology (pp. 165–182). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. | en |
| dc.references | Phillipson, R. (2016). Native speakers in linguistic imperialism. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 14(3), 80–96. | en |
| dc.references | Piasecka, L. (2011). The role of phonemic awareness in the development of L1 and L2 reading. In J. Arabski & A. Wojtaszek (Eds.), The acquisition of L2 phonology (pp. 108–122). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. | en |
| dc.references | Piccardo, E. (2016). Council of Europe: Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment phonological scale revision process report. Retrieved from Council of Europe: https://rm.coe.int/phonological-scale-revision-process-report-cefr/168073fff9 | en |
| dc.references | Pickering, L. (2001). The role of tone choice in improving ITA communication in the classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 35(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587647 | en |
| dc.references | Pickering, L. (2009). Intonation as a pragmatic resource in EFL interaction. Intercultural Pragmatics, 6(2), 235–255. https://doi.org/10.1515/IPRG.2009.013 | en |
| dc.references | Pickering, L. (2017). The Routledge handbook of contemporary English pronunciation. Routledge. | en |
| dc.references | Richards, M. G. (2016). Not all word stress errors are created equal: Validating an English word stress error gravity hierarchy (Doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, US). Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7008&context=etd | en |
| dc.references | Roach, P. (1983). English phonetics and phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Rossiter, M. (2003). ‘It’s like chicken but bigger’: Effects of communication strategy in the ESL classroom. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 60(2), 105–121. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.60.2.105 | en |
| dc.references | Seidlhofer, B. (2001). Closing a conceptual gap: The case for a description of English as a lingua franca. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 133–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/1473-4192.00011 | en |
| dc.references | Seidlhofer, B. (2011). Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0718.pub2 | en |
| dc.references | Shockey, L. (2003). Sound patterns of spoken English. Oxford: Blackwell. | en |
| dc.references | Shockey, L. (2011). Understanding L2 and the perspicacious Pole. In J. Arabski & A. Wojtaszek (Eds.), The acquisition of L2 phonology (pp. 27–36). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. | en |
| dc.references | Sifakis, N. C., & Sougari, A.-M. (2005). Pronunciation issues and EIL pedagogy in the periphery: A survey of Greek state school teachers’ beliefs. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 467–488. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588490 | en |
| dc.references | Smith, L. E., & Nelson, C. (1985). International intelligibility of English: Directions and resources. World Englishes, 4(3), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1985.tb00423.x | en |
| dc.references | Strauss, P. (2017). “It’s not the way we use English”-Can we resist the native speaker stranglehold on academic publications? Publications, 5(27), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications5040027 | en |
| dc.references | Szpyra-Kozłowska, J. (2015). Pronunciation in EFL instruction. Clevedon, OH: Multilingual Matters. | en |
| dc.references | Thomson, R. I. (2018). High variability [pronunciation] training (HVPT): A proven technique about which every language teacher and learner ought to know. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 4(2), 208–231. https://doi.org/10.1075/jslp.17038.tho | en |
| dc.references | Timmis, I. (2002).Native-speaker norms and international English: A classroom view. ELT Journal, 56(3), 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.3.240 | en |
| dc.references | Wagner, E., & Toth, P. D. (2017). The role of pronunciation in the assessment of second language listening ability. In T. Isaacs & P. Trofimovich (Eds.), Second language pronunciation assessment (pp. 72–92). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. | en |
| dc.references | Walker, R. (2010). Teaching the pronunciation of English as a lingua franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | en |
| dc.references | Waniek-Klimczak, E. (2015). Factors affecting word stress recognition by advanced Polish learners of English. In E. Waniek-Klimczak & M. Pawlak (Eds.), Teaching and researching the pronunciation of English studies in honour of Włodzimierz Sobkowiak (pp. 189–204). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. | en |
| dc.references | Waniek-Klimczak, E., Rojczyk, A.,&Porzuczek, A. (2015). Polglish’ in Polish eyes:What English studies majors think about their pronunciation in English. In E. Waniek-Klimczak & M. Pawlak (Eds.), Teaching and researching the pronunciation of English studies in honour of Włodzimierz Sobkowiak (pp. 23–24). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. | en |
| dc.references | Wennerstrom,A. (1994). Intonational meaning in English discourse: A study of non-native speakers. Applied Linguistics, 15(4), 399–420. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/15.4.399 | en |
| dc.references | Zielinski, B. (2008). The listener: No longer the silent partner in reduced intelligibility. System, 36(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2007.11.004 | en |
| dc.contributor.authorEmail | john.hodgetts@filologia.uni.lodz.pl | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.18778/1731-7533.23.10 | |
| dc.relation.volume | 23 | |